A-1
Oral History of Patricia M. Wald
INDEX
PMW denotes Patricia M. Wald
Adams, Courtney (labor economist), 110
Adamson, Terry (staff-White House), 130-31
Affirmative action, 152-53, 226, 246, 295-97, 298, 300
See also Blacks; Minorities; Women
Agency for International Development (AID), 42, 76
Agger, Mr. and Mrs. Donald (law school classmate), 84
Albertus Magnus College (Conn.), 16-17
Albright, Madeline (Secretary of State), 345, 346
All Our Children (Carnegie Council for Children), 129
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), 215, 317-18
America First movement, 26-27
American Bar Association (ABA), 128, 154
Central & Eastern Europe Law Initiative (CEELI), 335, 345
American College of Trial Lawyers, 231
American Dilemma (Gunnar Myrdal), 19
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME). 118
American Friends Service Committee, 70
American Law Institute (ALI), 108, 186
American Psychiatric Association, 116
American Psychological Association, 116
Andrews, David (Counsellor of the State Dept.), 344-45, 346
Annan, Kofi A. (United Nations Secretary General), 335, 345-46, 354
Antisemitism, 55. See also Jews
Archivist, role of, 286-89
Armstrong, Scott (newspaperman), 112, 286
Arnold, Fortas & Porter (D.C. law firm), 75-82
Arnold, Thurman (D.C. attorney), 76, 77, 78-79, 81-82
Arnold & Porter (D.C. law firm), 53
Authorization defense, 302
Babbitt, Bruce (Secy.-Interior Dept.), 1 10
Babcock, Barbara (Justice Dept.), 132,133, 134,148,152-53
“Baby judges’ school,” 181
Bacon, Sylvia (staff-D.C. Crime Commission), 90
Bail Conference (1964), 86-87
Bailey, Dorothy (plaintiff-loyalty oath case), 79-80
Bailey, Patricia (“Pat”) (Justice Dept.), 153
Bail in the United States (Daniel Freed and Patricia M. Wald), 86
Baker, Botts (Texas law firm), 124
Baker, Donald (“Don”) (Justice Dept.), 134
Baker, James (Secy. of State), 228
A-2
Ballard, Fred (D.C. Crime Commission), 89
Baroni, Father Gino, 164
Barrett, David (“Dave”) (Justice Dept.), 157
Battachini, Raymond (attorney), 292
Baum, Martin (“Marty”), (Justice Dept.), 151
Bayh, Sen. Birch, 165, 167, 169, 345
Bazelon, Judge David, 95, 98, 109, 120, 171, 174, 189-91, 199, 202, 225, 265, 313, 333
Bazelon, Mickey (wife-Judge Bazelon), 174
Bell, David (“Dave”) (Ford Foundation), 106
Bell, Judge Griffin (Attorney General), 35, 139-40, 147-50, 152, 154-55, 159, 161, 163, 167
Hires PMW, 130-36
Bellows, Gary (legal services advocate), 88
Bercu, Steven (“Steve”) (attorney- Legal Services), 119-21, 123, 125-26
Bernstein, Carl (newspaperman), 112
Bernstein, Jody (law school classmate), 41, 43-45, 47, 55-58, 83, 153
Bickel, Alexander (“Alex”) (law school classmate), 44
Bittker, Boris (“Borie”) (law school professor), 42, 48, 57, 61
Blacks, 21-22, 40-41
Ford Foundation projects, 107
Lawyers, 101
See also Affirmative action; Minorities
Black, Justice Hugo L., 75
Blackmun, Justice Hany, 188,246, 275,299
Boasberg, Tersh (McGovern campaign), 109
Bork, Judge Robert H. (“Bob”), 141-42, 184, 190-92, 195, 224, 246, 249, 264, 271, 277, 291-93
Botein, Judge Bernard, 102
Boudin, Leonard (attorney), 238-39
Bowles, Gov. Chester, 44, 46
Brademas, Rep. John, 117
Brennan, Justice William, 178, 299
Breyer, Judge Stephen (“Steve”), 223, 342
Brimmer, Andrew (“Andy”), 105
Brock, William E. (Secretary of Labor), 271-72
Brothers Karamazov (Fyodor Dostoyevsky), 34
Buckley, Judge James (“Jim”), 191-92, 195, 299
Bundy, MacGeorge (Ford Foundation), 105, 107-108
Bundy, Mary (wife-MacGeorge Bundy), 104
Bunn, George (D.C. attorney), 76
Burger, Chief Justice Warren, 104-105, 182, 217, 218, 220
Bush, President George H.W. Administration, 191-92, 287, 312, 313
Byrd, Sen. Robert (“Bobby”), 169, 254, 255
Calm, Edmond (legal philosopher), 69
Calabresi, Judge Guido, 342
Caplan, Gerry (Law Enforcement Assistance Admin), 132
Carnegie Council for Children, 128-29
A-3
Carter, President James, 130, 133, 158, 160
Administration, 110, 127, 131, 134, 143, 256, 182-83, 218-19, 309
Judicial selection process, 153-55
Transition Report, 137
Carter, Richard (“Dick”) (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 102
Center for Auto Safety, 193
Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA), 315-16
Center for Law and Social Policy (CLSP), 108-109, 113-29, 148
Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI), 345
Chakos, Elaine (special assistant-Madeline Albright), 345
Chayes, Abraham (“Abe”) (staff-Gov. Bowles), 44, 46
Chayes, Toni (law school classmate), 44, 88, 109-10, 153
Chichester, Estelle (PMW secretary), 85, 338
Children’s Defense Fund, 108, 129
Children
Civil rights, 162
Disabled, 114-17
Runaway, PINS category, 119, 128
See also Juveniles
Christopher, Warren (Deputy Attorney General), 88, 159
Church, Sen. Frank, 170
Civiletti, Benjamin (“Ben”) (Justice Dept.), 133, 134, 135
Clark, Judge Charles, 42, 70
Judge Jerome Frank, relations with, 70-71
Clark, Ramsey (Attorney General), 86, 89
Claybrook, Joan, 153
Clean Coal, Dirty Air (Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hasler), 254
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 128-29, 162
Clinton, President William (“Bill”)
Administration, 287, 309, 313
Yale Law student, 128-29
Coalition for International Justice (CIJ), 345
Columbia Law School, 28, 30
Competitiveness Council, 143
Complex track, 209, 211, 284-86
Computers in court, 187-89, 216, 315, 316-17, 318-21
Congress, U.S., 282-84, 292-93, 298-301, 305-306
See also House of Representatives; Senate, U.S.
Connecticut College for Women, 16-17, 19-20, 23-24, 27-28, 30
Cosmos Club Legal Committee, 316, 319
Corcoran, Thomas C. (“Tommy”) (New Dealer-D.C. attorney), 75
Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (CAFE), 193
Castle, Doug (EPA Administrator), 254
Coughlin, Father Charles (racist broadcaster), 27
Covington & Burling (D.C. law firm), 103
Criminal enterprise doctrine, 370
A-4
Cross, Hartley (college professor), 20
Cummins Engine Co., 107
Daisy Chain (Anon.), 36
Davidson, Rita (law school classmate), 41
Davis, Judge Oscar, 290-91
Days, Drew (Justice Dept.), 133-34, 148, 152
Dealing with Drug Abuse (Peter Hutt, James DeLong, and Patricia M. Wald), 103-04
Dellinger, Walter (Solicitor General), 230
DeLong, James (“Jim”) (Ford Foundation), 103
Democratic National Convention (1968), 96
Depression, Great (1929-1941), 11
Dewey, Thomas E. (presidential candidate), 44
Diamond, Norman (D.C. attorney), 76, 78
DiGenova, Joseph (“Joe”) (attorney), 290
Dilly, Margery (college professor), 19-20, 24, 43, 50
Disarmament Commission, 76
Discrimination
Gender bias, 39-41, 78, 325-28
Women Foreign Service officers, 275-79
See also Affirmative action
District of Columbia
Bar Association, 166
Bar Association Library, 100
Crime Commission, 88-95, 129, 132
School system, 116-17
Dole, Sen. Robert, 305
Donaldson, William (“Bill”) (Ford Foundation), 105
Donnelly, Richard (“Dick”) (law school professor), 68
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor (author), 34
Douglas, John (D.C. attorney), 166
Dupre, Connie (Clerk of Court), 212
Eagan, Michael (“Mike”) (Justice Dept.), 134, 152
Eagleton, Sen. Thomas (vice presidential candidate), 109
Eastland, Senator James 0., 148-50
Ebb, Kim (law clerk-Judge Frank), 61
Ebb, Larry (Agency for International Development), 42
Edelman, Marian Wright (Carnegie Council for Children), 128-29
Edgerton, Judge Henry, 212
Edwards, Judge Harry, 175,182, 184, 187, 189, 196, 203, 207-208, 244, 270, 249, 293, 309, 313
Operational changes, 315-16, 320
Eisenstat, Stuart (“Stu”) (staff-White House), 143, 158, 257
Electronic records preservation, 286-89
Ellis, Mark, 345
Embassies, foreign, protests at, 290-93
A-5
Emerson, Thomas I. (“Tommy”) (law school professor), 80, 158
En banc hearings, 73, 141-42, 175-76, 193-96, 224-25, 294, 309-310, 324
On computer, 318-19
Dynamics of, 313-14
Energy Department, U.S., 140
Ennis, Bruce (Mental Health Law Project), 114
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 261
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 139-41, 254, 256, 259, 260
Presidential influence on, 256-57
Ervin, Judge Samuel (“Sam”), 219
Evers, Eileen (law school classmate), 42
Ewing, Margaret (“Maggie”) (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 98, 100
Exxon Valdez oil spill (1984), 280-81
Falwell, Jerry (religious activist), 165
Farr, Louise (PMW school classmate), 41-42
Farr, Nicholas (“Nick”) (law school classmate), 41, 47, 52
Farrell, Michael (“Mike”) (attorney), 239-40
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 157
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 295-96, 298-300, 309-310
Federal Election Commission (FEC), 301
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 268-70
Federal Judicial Center, 181, 328
Federal Reporter, 257
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 84, 377
Federalism relationship, 272
Feinberg, Judge William (“Bill”), 202. 217
Ferguson, Clyde (D.C. Crime Commission), 89
Ferren, Linda (Circuit Executive), 327
Fingerhood, Shirley (law school classmate), 41
Finkelstein, Linda (Circuit Executive), 213-16
Fiske, Robert E. (Whitewater investigator), 305
Flaherty, Peter (“Pete”) (Justice Dept.), 134, 135
Flannery, Judge Thomas (“Tom”), 209
Flug, James (“Jim”) (McGovern campaign), 108-109
Ford, Henry III (Ford Foundation), 105
Ford, President Gerald R.
Administration, 134, 137, 151
Ford Foundation, 80, 102-108, 114, 163
Black projects, 107
Women and, 104-105
Fortas, Abe, 76-77, 79, 81-82, 93
Fortas, Carol (wife-Abe Fortas), 77
Frampton, George (McGovern campaign), 110
Frank, Barbara (daughter-Judge Frank), 69
Frank, Florence (wife Judge Frank), 67
A-6
Frank, John (law school classmate), 164
Frank, Judge Jerome (“Jerry”), 42, 57 81-82
Death of, 68
Judicial procedures of, 70-72
PMW clerkship, 38, 42, 58-59, 61-76, 159
Frankfurter, Justice Felix, 84
Franking privilege, 301
Freed, Daniel (“Dan”) (law school classmate), 52, 55, 84-89, 91, 94-95, 97, 103
Freeman, Milton (“Milt”) (D.C. attorney), 76
Free speech, 246
Friedman, Paul (Mental Health Law Project), 114, 120-21
Fuller, Vincent (“Vin”) (attorney), 240
Furstenberg, Mark (McGovern campaign), 110
G.I. Bill of Rights, 37
Gardner, John W. (Secy.-Health, Education and Welfare Dept.), 23
Gardner, Richard (“Dick”) (law school classmate), 51, 52
Gardner, Warren (D.C. attorney), 209-210, 239
Garland, Judge Merrick, 313
Geddes, Nicholas (”Nick”) (Labor Dept.), 110
Gender Bias Task Force, 325-29
Gender preference, 295-96
See also Women
General Accounting Office (GAO), 325-26
General Services Administration (GSA), 214-15
Geneva Convention, 347
Genocide, 348, 349-50, 356-57, 359, 60
Genocide Convention, 347-48, 358, 359
Gesell, Judge Gerhard (“Gerry”), 99, 192, 242, 302-305, 307, 352, 375
Gilmore, Grant (law school professor), 146
Ginsburg, Judge Douglas (“Doug”), 184, 191, 192, 195, 305
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
Judge, 175, 182, 184, 190, 195, 208, 216, 221, 247
Justice, 258, 301
Glennon, Robert J. (law school professor), 67
Gold, Harry (witness-Rosenberg trial), 59
Goldwater, Sen. Barry, 164, 170
Goodwin, Judge Alfred T. (“Ted”), 219
Green, Judge Joyce Hens, 159, 241
Green, Judge June, 190, 241, 327
Greenbelt Consumer Cooperative, 20-21
Greenberg (Greene), Bernard (“Bernie”) (law school classmate), 52, 55
Greenberger, Michael (“Mike”) (attorney), 239
Green Door (D.C.), 119
Greene, Judge Harold, 177, 241, 305, 307, 308, 357
Greenfield, Meg (newspaperwoman), 166
A-7
Griswold, Erwin (Justice Dept.), 161
Gutierrez, Annie (staff-White House), 158
Gutman, Roy (journalist), 350
Hague, The
Convention, 347
Tribunal. See International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia
Halloran, Mary Beth (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 98
Halperin, Charles (“Charlie”) (Center for Law and Social Policy), 113
Hand, Judge Augustus Noble, 70
Hand, Judge Learned, 70, 242, 362
Harmon, John (Office of Legal Counsel-Justice Dept.), 131, 132, 133, 148
Hannon, Mark (ICTY prosecutor), 365
Hastings, Judge Alcee, 219, 222
Hatch, Sen. Orrin, 158, 161, 165, 167, 169-70
Havell, Carolyn (Justice Dept.), 137-38
Heard, Alex (Ford Foundation), 105
Heightened pleading, 251-52
Heineman, Ben (Center for Law and Social Policy), 113, 118
Heller, James (“Jim”) (law school classmate), 78
Henderson, Judge Karen LeCraft, 191, 192, 285, 286, 313
Henderson, Vivian (Ford Foundation), 105
Herr, Stanley (“Stan”) (Natl. Legal Aid and Defender Assoc.), 114, 115, 117
Higginbotham, Leon (law school classmate), 41, 51, 219
Hinckley, John (criminal assailant), 240
Historical Society, D.C. Circuit, 216
Hoffinger, Jack (law school classmate), 52, 55
Holloway, Judge William (“Bud”), 219
Homosexuality, 36, 309
House of Representatives, U.S.
Judiciary Committee, 139, 147, 150
Republican Study Group, 162
See also Congress, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 36
Hufstedler, Judge Shirley 104-105, 155
Humphrey, Sen. Gordon, 163, 165, 167-68, 169
Humphrey, Sen. Hubert H., 95, 163
Hutchins, Robert Maynard (legal philosopher), 69
Hutt, Peter (D.C. attorney), 103-104, 163, 172
Indecency, regulations on, 309
Ingersoll-Rand Co., 3
Institute of Judicial Administration, 128
Interior Department, U.S., 177, 281-83
International Court of Justice (ICJ), 340-41, 342
International Criminal Court (ICC), 364, 367, 368, 378-80
A-8
International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 335, 340-41,342, 347,
348, 367-68, 375-78
Appellate panel, 350-51
Interlocutory appeals, 374
Judges on, 352, 371
Judgments, 356, 358-59
Procedures, 353, 355
Prosecution, 364-65
Quality of defense, 365-66
Television broadcasts, 355-56, 377
Testimonies, 368-72
Training for, 354-55
Witnesses, 352-53, 365, 369-71, 377
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 378, 380
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 72
Iraq, 380
Jackson, Justice Robert H., 295
Jackson, Ronald (“Ron”) (Texas Youth Agency), 127
Jackson, Vicki (Gender Bias Task Force), 325, 326
James, Fleming (law school professor), 48
Jarvis, Michelle (Australian assistant -PMW), 358, 375
Jayne, Louise (law school classmate), 41
Jews, 17-19, 55, 59, 66
Johnson, Earl (D.C. Legal Services), 88
Johnson, President Lyndon B., 91, 95
Johnson, Judge Norma, 326, 327
Johnson, Stu (law school classmate), 44
Jones, Robert (“Bob”) (religious activist), 165-66, 167
Jordan, Hamilton (staff-White House), 154
Judicial Conference, 328-29
Juggins, Warren (librarian), 99-100
“Just and reasonable” standard, 269-70
Justice, Judge Wayne, 119, 120, 121, 124-27, 189
Justice Department, U.S., 136, 139-42, 155, 165, 168, 189, 257
Affirmative action, 152-53
Antitrust Division, 85, 134, 136, 156-57,270
Congressional relations, 136-55
Employment Review Committee, 152
Environmental Protection Agency and, 139-42
Judicial selection, 153-55
Legislative agenda, 147
Office for the Improvement of the Administration of Justice, 147, 156-57
Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), 146
OLA. See Office of Legislative Affairs
Women at, 131-33, 152-53
A-9
Juveniles
Corrections system, 91-95
Crimes committed, 94
Institutions, 121
Justice standards, 128
Legal services, 118-27
Offenders, 93-94
Kantor, Mickey (McGovern campaign), 109
Karadzic, Radovan (Bosnian Serb leader), 349
Katzenbach, Nicholas (“Nick”) (Attorney General), 86, 89, 90-91
Kaufman, Judge Irving, 59-60, 62, 66, 128
Kazem-Bek, Alexander (college professor), 34-35
Kearns, Doris (McGovern campaign), 109
Kearse, Judge Amalya, 220, 221
Kennedy, Justice Anthony, 145
Kennedy, Judge Cornelia, 220-21
Kennedy Sen. Edward (“Ted”). 109, 168-69, 170
Kennedy, Robert F. (”Bobby”) (Attorney General), 82, 85, 86, 89
Kennedy, Roger (Ford Foundation), 106
Kenniston, Kenneth (“Ken”) (Carnegie Council for Children), 128
Kessler, Fritz (law school professor), 50
Kessler, Judge Gladys, 327
Ketchum, Judge Orm, 121
King, Henry (“Hank”) (law school classmate), 52, 55
King & Spaulding (Atlanta law firm), 130-31
Kirbo, Charles (attorney-Atlanta), 131
Knab, Karen (Circuit Executive), 213
Kollar-Kotelly, Judge Colleen, 327
Konopka, Gisela (expert witness), 122-23, 126
Kozinski, Judge Alexander (“Alex”), 226
Kramer, Victor (“Vic”) (law school professor), 100
Krash, Abraham (“Abe”) (law school classmate), 78, 79, 89
Krstic, Radislav (Bosnian Serb general), 349-50, 363
Labor Department, U.S., 270, 271-72
Landon, Governor Alfred F. (“Alf'”) (presidential nominee), 12
Langer, Mark (Staff Counsel-Court of Appeals), 205, 321-22
Lattimore, Owen (blacklisting victim), 77
Law, international, 347-48, 377-78, 380
Law clerks, 174-75, 182, 204-205, 227-31, 235, 285
Relation to judges, 64
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA), 132-33, 162
Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), 28, 36
Lawson, Marjorie (D.C. Crime Commission), 89
Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights, 108
A-10
Laxalt, Sen. Paul, 161, 164-65, 168-69
Lay, Judge Donald (“Don”), 219-20
Lazarus, Si (Center for Law and Social Policy), 113
Leahy, Sen. Patrick, 169
Learned Hand’s Court (Marvin Schick), 70
Legal Times, 244
Legislative history, 188, 193
Use in statutory interpretation, 144-46
Legislative process, 144-47
“Lesser of” standard, 281-83
Leventhal, Judge Harold, 98, 171, 173, 312, 313
Litigating authority of agencies, 139-41
Loss, Louis (“Louie”) (law school professor), 51-52
Lowell, Abbe (Justice Dept.), 135
Lujan, Manuel (staff-President Bush), 283
Lynch, Gary (attorney), 239, 302
MacKinnon, Judge George E., 99, 172-73, 175, 181-82, 189, 191-92, 238, 297-98, 313
Malson, Robert (“Bob”) (staff-White House), 158
Manning, Bayless (“Bay”) (law school classmate), 44, 52
Marker, Gail (Green Door), 119
Marks, Jonathan (McGovern campaign), 110
Marshall, Burke (Law school classmate), 52, 103
Marshall, Dorothy, (Board of Directors-Ford Foundation), 104, 105
Marshall, Justice Thurgood, 252, 299
Marshall Plan, 58
Martindale-Hubbell, 231
Martinez, Jenny (ICTY legal assistant-PMW), 342-43, 357-58
Mathias, Sen. Charles, 166
Maynes, William (“Bill”) (McGovern campaign), 110
McCarthy, David (“Dave”) (D.C. attorney), 86
McCree, Wade (Solicitor General-Justice Dept.), 134
McDonald, Judge Gabriel Kirk, 335, 342, 344
McFarlane, Robert (“Bud”) (National Security Adviser), 303-304
McGovern, Sen. George (presidential candidate), 109
McGovern, William (“Bill”) (D.C. attorney), 76
McGowan, Judge Carl, 98, 99, 106, 170-71,180, 183, 199, 312, 313
McGowan, Jody (wife-Judge McGowan), 174
McKenna, Margaret (staff-White House), 131
McKenzie, Jack (newspaperman), 166
McNamara, Robert (“Bob”), 105
Meacham, Ralph (U.S. Judicial Conference), 222
Meador, Daniel (“Dan”) (Justice Dept.), 147, 148, 156-57
Meizner, Doris (Justice Dept.), 153
Mental Health Law Project (MHLP), 113-27, 131
Merits track, 209
A-11
Merritt, Judge Gilbert (“Gil”), 219
Michaelson, Arthur (“Art”) (law school classmate), 45-46
Mikva, Judge Abner (“Ab”), 155,161-62, 164-65, 170-71, 175, 182, 195-96, 202, 208, 211,
285-86, 299-300, 305, 309, 313, 315
As Chief Judge, 224, 225
Miller, Cassidy (law firm), 229
Miller, Irwin (Ford Foundation), 107
Miller, Jack (D.C. Crime Commission), 89, 90
Miller, Judge Morris, 121
Miller, Professor Addison (“Ad”) (Yale Law School), 39
Minorities, 17-19, 226, 295-300
Judicial selection, 155
Yale Law School, 40-41
See also Affirmative Action; Blacks; Women
Mitchell, Sen. George, 305
Mitchell, John N. (Attorney General), 95
Mladic, Ratko (general-Serbian forces in Bosnia), 349, 357
Mobilization for Youth Program, 88
Moore, Frank (lobbyist-White House), 158
Moore, J.W. (law school professor), 50, 69, 84
Moorman, James (“Jim”)
Center for Law and Social Policy, 112, 148
Justice Dept., 134, 148, 152
Morales, Alicia (plaintiff), 121
Morris, Norval (Law Enforcement Assistance Admin), 162-63
Morrissey, Muriel, 157
Morrison, Alan (attorney), 193, 286
Murnaghan, Judge Frank, 160
Murphy, Jack (Justice Dept. attorney), 87
Murphy, Patrick J. (N.Y. police commissioner), 102
National Association for Retarded Children, 116
National Crime Commission, 90-91, 93-94, 103
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 72, 80
National Legal Aid and Defender Association, 114
Neighborhood Legal Services Program (NLSP), 96-101,
Neiman Marcus (department store), 79
New Deal, 70
Newman, Judge Jon, 186
New York World’s Fair (1939-1940), 8, 20
Nixon, President Richard M., 95, 112, 172
Norris, Jetta (law school classmate), 40
North, Col. Oliver, 301-307, 375
Novak, Robert (conservative columnist), 111
Nuremberg trials, 308, 348, 375, 376, 379, 380
A-12
Oakes, Judge James (“Jim”), 202, 219
Oberdorfer, Judge Louis (“Lou”), 217, 241
O’Connor, Justice Sandra Day, 178, 327
O’Donnell, Alice (U.S. Judicial Conference), 222
Office for Economic Opportunity (OEO), 87, 110, 119
Office of Legislative Affairs (OLA), 133-55
Function of, 151
Personnel issues, 137-39
PMW Heads, 133-55
Office of Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 272
O’Mahoney, Joseph (“Joe”) (D.C. attorney), 79
Omarska prison camp, 350, 359, 363
Onek, Joseph (“Joe”) (Center for Law and Social Policy), 113
Open Society Institute. See Soros Foundation
Orthopsychiatric Association, 116, 122
O’Sullivan, Eugene (ICTY attorney), 365
Park, Rosemary (college president), 35
Parker, Alan (staff-House Judiciary Comm.), 150, 163
Parker, Richard (“Rich”) (McGovern campaign), 110
Parks, Junius (law school professor), 101
Paul, Weiss (N.Y. law firm), 55
Pearson, Drew (newspaper columnist), 79
Penn, Judge John Garrett (“Jack”), 326
Per curium opinions, 282, 286
Peters, Ellen (Yale Law School faculty), 48
Peterson, Todd (Gender Bias Task Force), 325, 326
Pickering, John (D.C. attorney), 166
Pine, Judge David A., 89-90
Pollak, Louis H. (“Lou”) (Yale Law School Dean), 101
Porter, Paul (D.C. attorney), 76
Posner, Judge Richard, 227
Powell, Justice Lewis F., Jr., 134
Prettyman, Barrett (D.C. attorney), 166
Public Citizen, 286, 287
Pugh, George (asst-J. W. Moore), 50
Qualified immunity defense, 251
Race preference, 296-97
See also Blacks; Minorities
Rand Corporation, 325
Randolph, Judge A. Raymond (“Ray”), 191, 192, 313
Reagan, President Ronald
Administration, 183, 189, 255, 257, 312, 313
Redlich, Norman (”Norm”) (law school classmate), 44-45, 57-58
A-13
Reed, Justice Stanley, 75
Rehnquist, Chief Justice William H., 145, 146, 217-18, 220, 221
Reizenstein, Gail (Counsel-Court of Appeals), 205
Reno, Janet (Carnegie Commission), 128
Resnick, Judge Judy, 329
Rhan, Rev. Sheldon, 21
Richey, Judge Charles (“Chuck”), 287, 288, 289
Robb, Judge Roger, 172, 179-80, 184, 189, 191-92, 238, 313
Sierra case, 247-48, 253, 254, 257-58, 259
Robinson, Judge Aubrey, 118, 214, 222-23, 241, 327
Robinson, Judge Spottswood W., III (“Spotts”), 98-99, 172, 177, 191, 199-201, 203, 208,
213, 216, 224-25, 285-86, 312
Roche, Charles (“Chuck”) (lobbyist-White House), 89
Rodell, Fred (law school professor), 42, 48-49, 57-58, 61-62
Rodino, Representative Peter W. (“Pete”), 147-48, 150
Rogers, Judge Judy, 313
Rogers, William (“Bill”) (Law school classmate, 52, 70, 75, 79, 89
Roisman, F1orence (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 98, 99, 100
Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 11-12, 22, 27, 70
Rosenberg, Ethel (criminal defendant), 65-67
Rosenberg, Julius (criminal defendant), 65-67
Rubenstein, David (“Dave”) (staff-White House), 158
Ruff, Charles, 346
Rule 34J list, 321, 323, 324
Rwanda tribunal, 356-57
Ryan, Judge Joseph (“Joe”), 98-99
Saint Elizabeth’s Hospital, 99, 117-18
Sandburg, Carl, 334
Sandmann, Peter (Youth Law Center), 119-21
Santerelli, Donald (“Don”) (Office of Criminal Justice- Justice Dept.), 95
Sarbanes, Sen. Paul, 160,166,169
Saxbe, William (Attorney General), 133
Scalia, Antonin (“Nino”)
Judge, 91,192, 194, 195, 224, 271, 292, 296, 313, 323
Justice, 144-45, 146, 194
Schafly, Phyllis (political activist), 158
Schwartz, Larry (Mental Health Law Project), 120-21
Schwartz, Pat (law school classmate), 42, 43
Schwartzer, William (“Bill”) (U.S. Judicial Conference), 222
Segregation, 19, 21, 60
See also Blacks; Minorities
Seimer, Dianne (Defense Dept.), 153
Self-incrimination, 65, 301-304, 306-307
A-14
Sentelle, Judge David (“Dave”), 191, 192, 302, 304-305, 307, 313, 314, 375
Shalala, Donna (Secy.-HUD), 153, 164
Shapiro, Susan (D.C. attorney), 100
Shastack, Jerry (attorney-American Bar Association), 111
Shattuck, John (Harvard), 157
Shea & Gardner (D.C. law firm), 76
Shea, Frank (D.C. attorney), 76
Shearman & Sterling (N.Y. law firm), 55
Shenefield, John (Justice Dept.), 134
Shriver, L. Sargent (Office of Economic Opportunity), 87, 109, 111-12
Shulman, Harry (law school professor), 49-50, 332
Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, 96, 148
Silberman, Judge Laurence (”Larry”), 191-92, 195, 243, 246, 249, 297-98, 301-02, 307, 313,
375
Silver, Larry (college classmate), 17-18
Silver, Larry (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 96-97, 100, 102
Silver, Robert (law school classmate), 57-58
Simon, Barry (attorney), 239, 302
Simpson, Sen. Alan, 161, 165, 168
Skelton, Jane (law school classmate), 42
Smith, Gerald L. K. (racist orator), 21
Smyser, Hamilton (college professor), 10, 24
Snyder, Edward (”Ed”) (law school classmate), 70
Sobel, Morton (criminal defendant), 66-67
Soros Foundation, 335-36
Souter, Justice David H., 145
Sparer, Edward (“Ed”) (Mobilization For Youth), 88
Special Panel duty, 204-205, 206
Sporkin, Judge Stanley (”Stan”), 241, 252, 266
Srebrenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 356, 359-61, 369, 371-72
Standing, doctrine of, 193, 194, 210
Cases, 314
Starr, Judge Kenneth (“Ken”), 191, 192, 195,224, 313,270,271
Statistical Proof of Discrimination (David C. Baldus and James W. L. Cole), 276
Stevens, Justice John Paul, 299
Stevenson, Adlai (presidential candidate), 106
Stewart, Malcolm (law clerk-PMW), 188-89
Stewart, Justice Potter, 118
Stone, Sen. Richard, 170
Strict scrutiny, doctrine of, 297-98
Sturgis, Walter (Dean-Yale Law School), 48
Sturz, Herbert (“Herb”) (N.Y. attorney), 86, 102-103
Suda, Judge John, 115
Suitable challenger requirement, 194
A-15
Sullivan, Brendan (attorney), 302
Summary dispositions, 206
Svirdoff, Michael (“Mike”) (Ford Foundation), 103-104
Swan, Judge Thomas Walter (“Tom”), 42, 66, 70
Swygert, Judge Luther, 189
Tamm, Judge Edward, 171-172, 189, 191,296,313
Tatel, Judge David (“Dave”), 313
Tepper, Julian (Natl. Legal Aid and Defender Assoc.), 114, 115, 117
Terris, Bruce (attorney-Justice Dept.), 87, 112
Texas juvenile institutions, 119-21, 123-24
Thayer, Stu (law school classmate), 52
Thernstrom, Stephan (Harvard professor), 328
Thomas, Clarence
Judge, 191, 192, 299-300, 313
Justice, 145, 243
Thomas, Frank (Ford Foundation), 102, 107, 108
Thornburgh, Richard (“Dick”) (Justice Dept.), 134
Thrasher, Michael (“Mike”) (attorney-Justice Dept.), 124
Thurmond, Sen. J. Stro35, 165, 167-68, 169
Title VII, 314-15
Tomich, Martha (“Marty”) (Counsel-Court of Appeals), 205,321-22
Torrington Company, 3, 31-32, 56
Trubeck, Louise (Wisconsin attorney), 85
Truman, President Harry S, 44
Tucker, Sterling (D.C. City Council), 213
Turgenev, Ivan (author), 34
Turner, Donald (“Don”) (law school classmate), 52
Turner, James (“Jim”) (Justice Dept.)148
Tydings, Joseph (attorney-D.C.), 155
Union of Concerned Scientists, 42
United Nations, 360, 378, 379
U.S. Constitution
Article III, 226
Fifth Amendment, 65
First Amendment, 290-91, 309
Fourth Amendment, 64-65
U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 73, 95, 161
Academia, influence of, 244
Advocacy, written, 236-39
Calendar scheduling, 207, 322
Caseload, 323, 324
Caseload, 185-86, 227, 235
A-16
Case management plan, 203,209
Cases, Supreme Court review of, 248-53
Collegiality on, 173-75, 319
Compared to District Court, 241-43
Complex cases, procedures of, 209, 211-12
Court dynamics, PMW views on, 194-96
Courthouse cafeteria, 214-15
Courtroom emergency protocol, 210-11
Influence of Chief Judge, 224-26
Judges, visiting, 217, 225-26
Judges on compared to ICTY judges, 373
Judicial conferences, 218-20, 237-38, 240-41, 262-64
Role of, 306-307
Judicial Council, administrative procedures of, 222-23
Judicial viewpoints, 235-36
Mediation to, 243-44
Mediation program, 215-16
Merits calendar, 207
Merits Panel, 209
Opinions, 318
Assignment of, 284-86
Writing of, 260-61
Oral arguments, 233-36
Personnel changes, 191-92
Reorganization of, 203-16
Restaffing of, 212-13
Special Panel, 204-205, 206, 209
Staff Counsel’s Office, 284
Summary track, 209
See also Wald, Patricia M.-Professional
U.S. District Court for the District ofColumbi161, 241-43, 266
U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal
Eighth Circuit, 219, 220, 236
Eleventh Circuit, 219, 222
Federal Circuit, 147
Fifth Circuit, 120, 147-48
First Circuit, 223
Fourth Circuit, 160, 219
Ninth Circuit, 155, 217, 219, 223, 226, 325, 328
Second Circuit, 42, 61-63, 202, 218, 219, 220, 326
Seventh Circuit, 226, 227
Sixth Circuit, 219, 220
Tenth Circuit, 219
Third Circuit, 114, 219, 326
A-17
U.S. Judicial Conference, 216-22
Code of Conduct Committee, 220-21
Powell Committee Report, 218-19
Women on, 220-21
U.S. Supreme Court, 63-66, 79-80, 85, 115, 117, 191-92, 208, 245, 273, 298-99, 301
Caseload, 323, 324
Court of Appeals cases, review of, 248-53
Dynamics of, 194-95
Finzer case, 292-93
Injury-in-fact, 193
PMW decisions affirmed by, 245-46
PMW decisions reversed by, 176-78, 183, 245-47, 248-50
See also names of individual justices
Vassar College (N.Y.), 34, 36
Vieth, G. Duane (“Bud”) (D.C. attorney), 76, 79
Vorenberg, James (“Jim”) (1aw school professor), 91, 94, 100
Waddy, Judge Joseph C., 115-17
Wald, Douglas (“Doug”) (PMW eldest son), 83-84, 86, 168
Wald, Frederika (“Freddy”) (PMW third daughter), 83, 169
Wald, Johanna (PMW second daughter), 83
Wald, Patricia M.-PERSONAL
Aunts, 1-4, 8-11, 25, 51
Childhood, 2-6, 8-10
Children, 7-8, 35, 7784, 87, 112, 166, 169
See also individual names
Education
Connecticut College for Women. 10, 16-30
Phi Beta Kappa, 27 politics at, 33-36
High school, 12-16
Family extended, 2-3, 8, 11
Grandfather, 2, 11
Grandmother, 2, 5
Greenbelt Consumer Cooperative, 20-21
Husband. See Wald, Robert
LSAT, 28, 36
Marriage, interfaith, 7, 32-33
McGowan, Joseph (father), 1-2
McGowan, Margaret O’Keefe (mother), 1-5, 11, 13-14, 16, 31, 33, 43, 51
Minorities, relationships with, 17-18
Motherhood and work, 82-85, 87
Parochial school, 6, 12
Pepsi Cola Fellowship, 29
A-18
Political Action Committees (PACs), 23
Politics, 11-12, 33-36
Pregnancy of, 77, 78, 80, 82
Prejudice, experience of, 18-19
Reading habits, 4, 9-10, 15, 36
Religion, 6-8, 17-18
Research asst.-Prof. Loss, 51-52
Sister-in law, 78
Son-in-law, 239
Uncle, 1-2, 4, 8, 9
Winthrop Scholar, 27
Yale Law School, 29, 36-41
Application to, 28-30
Barristers Union, 50-51
Evaluation of, 42-45, 53-54
Faculty, 48-50
Importance of, 52-54
Order of the Coif, 46
Social life at, 44
Yale Law Journal, 45-48, 52
Wald, Patricia M.-Professional
Administrative law cases, views on, 72, 142-43
American Law Institute (ALI), 108
Arnold, Fortas & Porter (private practice), 75-82
Asst. Attorney General for Legislative Affairs, Justice Department, 130, 133-58
Congressional activities, 136-137
Equal Rights Amendment extension, 158
Staff relationships, 149-50,152
Task forces, 156-57
Author, 86, 87-88, 163
Carnegie Council for Children, 128-29
Center for Law and Social Policy (CLSP), 108-109, 113-29, 148
Central &Eastern European Law Initiative (CEELI), 335, 345
Chief Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 199-310
Advocacy, oral, views on, 232-35,238-40
Advocacy, written, views on, 236-38
Cases, complex, views on, 211-12
Chief Justice role, views on, 203, 337-39
Code of Conduct Committee, 220-21
District Court judges, relations with, 241-42
Influence of, 224-26
Judicial conferences, 218-20, 240-41
Judicial procedure, 235-36
A-19
Law clerks, 228-29, 231
Law review articles, views on, 244
Legacies, 208-16
Preparation for, views on, 200-202
Reorganization, 203-16
Seniority, views on, 202
Supreme Court review of Court of Appeals cases, views on, 248-49, 250
Supreme Court decisions
Affirmed, 245-46
Reversed, 176-78, 183, 245-47, 248-50
See also Table of Cases
Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 170-198
Application for, 160-61
Caseload of, 185-86
Congressional hearings, 165-70
Court dynamics, views on, 194-95
Decisions, changing mind about, 293-95
Dissents written, 196-97
Extracurricular activities, 186-87
Judicial collegiality, views on, 171-75
Judicial conferences, role of, 306-307
Judicial experience, effect on opinion writing, 264-67
Judicial philosophy, views on, 194-96
Law clerks, 182, 188-90, 228-29, 258-59
Law reviews, 265-67
Nomination for, 155, 161-66
Opinion writing, views on, 178-79, 197, 264-67, 280-81
Personnel changes in court, 189-92
Suitable challenger requirement, views on, 194
Swearing in, 170-71
Retirement from, 335, 336-37
Training for, 180-82
Work habits, I83-86
See also Table of Cases
Clerkship-Judge Jerome (“Jerry”) Frank, 38, 42, 58-59, 61-76, 159
Consultant, part-time, 85-86
D.C. Crime Commission, 88-95, 129, 132
Federal court system, views on, 339-40
Ford Foundation, Board of Directors, 102-108, 114, 163
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) trial judge, 340-80
Appellate panel to tribunal, 350-51
Appointment process, 345-47
ICTY appellate v. D.C. Circuit appellate judges, 373-74
Swearing in, 354
A-20
Wald’s routine, 35
See also International Court of Justice; International Criminal Court; International
Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY); Table of Cases
Judicial personality traits, views on, 143
Law schools, views on, 331-33
Legal career, view of, 333-34
Legal Services attorney (Neighborhood Legal Services Program), 88, 91, 96-101
Volunteer work, 97,100
Youth Law Center, Texas case, 119-27
Mental Health Law Project (MHLP) Litigation Director, 113-127, 131
Open Society Institute Justice Initiative Chair, 335-36
Researcher- D.C.JC, 88
Researcher-W. Moore, 84-85
Role models, views on, 81-82
Shriver, Sargent, campaign staff, 109-111
Speechwriter -David Bazelon (McGovern campaign), 109
Trial judge v. appellate judge, 361-62, 366-67
Vera Foundation, 102
Wald, Robert (“Bob”) (PMW husband), 32, 49, 53, 56-60, 62, 66, 75, 80-84, 87, 89, 163, 169
Wald, Sarah (PMW eldest daughter), 81, 82-83
Wald, Thomas (“Tommy”) (PMW second son), 83, 87, 167
Wallace, Judge Clifford (“Cliff”), 217
Warren, Chief Justice Earl, 86, 224
Watergate scandal, 112
Webster, William (FBI Director), 35
Weddington, Sara (White House staff), 153
Well of Loneliness (Radclyffe Hall), 36
White, Justice Byron, 299
White, Lee (White House staff), 89, 109
White House. See individual administrations
Whitewater hearings, 305,306
Wilkey, Judge Malcolm, 172, 173, 175-176, 184-85, 189, 190, 191, 247, 313
Will, Judge Hubert (“Hugh”), 226, 272, 274-75
Willens, Howard (D.C. Crime Commission), 90
Williams, Edward Bennett (D.C. attorney), 239
Williams, Judge Stephen (“Steve”), 183, 191, 195, 273, 275, 313
Willkie, Wendell (presidential nominee), 12
Winter, Judge Harrison, 219
Wisdom, Judge John Minor, 120, 147
Wolf, Peter (staff-D.C. Crime Commission), 90
Wolf, Richard (“Dick”) (D.C. attorney), 100
Wolf, Roger (D.C.attorney), 100
Women
A-21
Carter Administration, 153
Compared to minorities, 296
D.C. Bar, 166
Excluded from Harvard Law School, 28-29
Ford Foundation, 104-105
Foreign Service officers, discrimination against, 275-79
Indigent, 98-99
Job sharing, 205-206
Judges, 154-55,181, 220, 233
See also individual names
Justice Dept.131-33, 152-53
See also individual names
Law clerks, 61-63, 75, 228-29, 231
Law students, 37, 51
Networking, 153,327
Preference for, 299-300
U.S. Judicial Conference Committees, 220-22
Veterans, 37
Yale Law Journal, 47, 56
Yale Law School, 37-40 faculty, 48
See also Affirmative action; Minorities
Work, Charles (“Chuck”) (D.C. Bar), 166
World War I (1914-1918), 1
World War II (1939-1945), 22, 25-27, 34, 37
Wozencraft, Frank (law school classmate), 44
Wright, Helen (wife-Judge Wright), 173-174
Wright, Judge J. Skelly, 98, 173-74, 176, 189, 191, 199, 202, 224-25, 250, 255, 277, 295, 312-
13, 333
Wyzanski, Judge Charles (“Charlie”), 104-1 05, 109
Yale Law Journal, 45-48, 52,56
Yale Law School, 28-30, 36-45, 56
Women at, 37-40
York, Larry (attorney), 124, 125, 126
Youngdahl, Judge Luther, 79
Youth Law Center (San Francisco), 119
Zobel, Judge Rya, 328
Zoellick, Ambassador Robert (“Bob”), (former PMW clerk), 228
