A-1

INDEX
Oral History of Harriet Shapiro
Alabama, 5–6, 28
anti-Semitism
large law firms, 72, 102, 121
Nazi persecution, 30
Antitrust Appellate, 78, 84, 102, 117, 121, 134, 155, 177
appellate process
recommendations, 38, 105, 134–39, 149
review, 142
Aronstein, Barbara. See Black, Barbara Aronstein
Ashcroft, John, 164
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 75–76, 93, 94–96, 97, 100, 103–4, 109–13, 115–16,
119
classified material, 111, 115
document destruction, 112
move to Germantown, Maryland, 105, 106, 116
Palfrey as commissioner, 111–13
radiation position, 28, 42, 94–95
women lawyers, 111
Attorney General
line of succession, 152
Barnard College, 6, 7, 14, 15
Bates, Ruth, 56
Berry Plan, 134–36
Bethesda, Maryland, 101, 107
Black, Barbara Aronstein, 61–62, 63
Black, Charles, 62, 65
Blackmun, Harry, 128
Bob Jones University, 150, 151
Bolling, Ginny, 162
Bork, Robert
Saturday Night Massacre, 152
as Solicitor General, 124, 151, 152–54
Brennan, William, 144
Bridges, Calvin, 8, 9
Buckley, Helen, 101, 114, 122
Burger, Warren, 128
Bush, George W., 164
A-2
California, 11, 18, 55, 56, 57, 64
See also Pasadena; Santa Rosa
California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech), 23, 45–46, 47
Morgan Group move to, 8, 9, 10
office lab description, 18–19
Carnegie grant, 21
Carpenter, Alexander (Sturtevant ancestor), 2
circuit courts, 142
Civil Appellate, 102, 119, 122, 177
civil rights cases
institutionalization of children, 136
amd political pressure, 148–49
racial discrimination, 150
Civil War, 3, 6, 9, 18, 32
Clark, Ramsay, 75
Clark, Tom C., 75, 96
clerkships, 75, 96, 116, 120
Collins, Billy, 167
Columbia Law Review, 23, 66–74, 68–71, 76–79, 82, 88
basis for selection to, 66
blue book, 80–81
Jane Marks Murphy Prize, 93
notes and case notes, 73
comaraderie, 83–84
pre-computer research, 69–70
Rosenberg Case position, 104–5
“running the purples” (mimeograph), 73–74, 81
women members, 61, 66–67, 69, 71
Columbia Law School, 17, 58, 60, 61–75, 93, 111, 159
Federal Jurisdiction casebook, 74
job recruiters, 94
Legal Methods and Contracts class, 65–66
married students, 83–84
women students, 24, 60, 84–85, 86, 97–98, 118, 119, 129
buddy system, 61–62, 63
Jane Marks Murphy Prize, 93
Columbia University, 6,10, 60, 68
Morgan Fly Room, 7–8, 12–13, 15
student unrest, 71–72
Communism, 16, 95–96
House Un-American Activities Committee, 17, 28–29, 76, 95
computers, 171–72, 176
legal research prior to, 69–70, 109
condemnation cases, 142
conscientious objection cases, 134–36
Cox, Archibald, 152, 153, 163
A-3
Curtis, Meribeh (ancestor), 2–3
Davis, Oscar, 72, 102–3
Days, Drew, 157, 158, 159
Democratic Party, 11, 22, 23, 31, 44, 157
Depression (1930s), 20, 21
Douglas, William O., 77, 144
draft, 135–36
drosophila. See fruit fly
Drummond, J. H., The Rogers Family of Georgetown, 4
Eagle Protection Act (1940), 155–56
Eldridge, Hope Tisdale (cousin), 15–16, 18, 109
ancestor’s letters, 33–34
security problems, 28–29, 75–76, 95
Eminent domain. See takings cases
Encyclopedia Britannica (1929 edition), 45
England, 21, 30
Fanebust, Mildred, 162, 163
Farma, Abdul Farman, 63–64
fascism, 96
Fayerweather, Abraham (great-uncle), 33–35, 36
Fayerweather, Silas (great-uncle), 33–34, 35–36
FBI, 132
Federal Energy Commission, 177
federal government
civil service tests, 54–55
law career advantages, 179–80
law school recruiters, 94
See also specific agencies
Federal Trade Commission, 177
Feigin, Eric, 161
feminism, 118, 132, 147–48
See also women’s movement
Fifth Amendment, takings without just compensation, 156
First Amendment, 105, 150
Fly Room, 7–8, 12–13, 15
Frankfurter, Felix, 78, 79–80
Freedom of Information Act (1967), scope of judicial review, 143–44
Fried, Charles, 158
Friedman, Danny, 118, 119, 151
Frost, Robert, 167
fruit fly (drosophila), 7, 10, 12, 36–37
Gaubert, Nicolas (ancestor), 3, 4
A-4
genealogy, 1–7
Ahnentafel System, 1
genetics, 1, 25
gene chromosome linear arrangement, 8, 36–37
Morgan Group fruit fly studies, 7–8, 10, 12, 36–37
radiation mutations, 94
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
Columbia Law School, 119, 129
Social Security cases, 129–30
Supreme Court, 125, 129, 130–31, 146–47
Glazer, Sid, 133, 134, 146–47
Goebel, George, 62–63
Gore, Al, 164
Green Acres School, 108, 110, 175
Greenberg, Henry Clay, 88
Griswold, Erwin, 60, 116, 118, 157
as model Solicitor General, 160
Dean title, 116
Harvard Law School admittance of women, 60, 116, 118
Harvard Law Review, 79, 80
Harvard Law School
admittance of women students, 60, 116, 118, 119
Griswold as Dean, 116
Hawaii, 33, 34, 35
heredity. See genetics
Hogan & Hartson (D.C. law firm), 96
Hoover, J. Edgar, 132
Horton, Mildred McAfee, 53
House Un-American Activities Committee, 17, 28–29, 76, 95
Huntington Library (Pasadena), 20, 29
in forma pauperis petitions (IFPs), revision, 133–34, 139–40, 155
Illinois College, 5, 30, 32
institutionalization of children case, 136
Jackson, Illinois, 5
Japanese-American internment, 28
Jewish Legion, 91
Jews, 88, 90
Justice Department lawyers, 72, 102–3, 121
See also anti-Semitism
Jones, William Kenneth “Ken,” 66–67, 75
judicial review, 143–44
Justice Department
Antitrust Appellate, 78, 84, 102, 117, 121, 134, 155, 177
Attorney General line of succession, 152
A-5
Civil Appellate, 102, 119, 122, 177
Civil Rights Division, 121, 148–49, 159
Criminal Division, 102, 121, 133
Honors Program, 84, 92, 93, 101
Jewish lawyers, 72, 102–3, 121
Lands and Natural Resources Division, 121
Office of the General Legal Counsel, 106, 113
U.S. Attorneys, 159, 179
women lawyers, 103, 119, 121
Kagan, Elena, 161, 162
Kamisar, Yale, 67–68, 70, 71
Keillor, Garrison, The Writer’s Almanac, 167
Kohl, Caroline, 162
Kushla, Alabama, 5–6, 16, 17, 18, 27–28, 34
Lafontant, Jewel, 124–25, 126, 144, 151, 162
Lancefield, `Becca, 30, 60, 88, 90
as role model, 25
Wellesley College, 13, 49
witness at Sturtevant-Shapiro wedding, 88
Woods Hole property, 10, 11, 25–26
Lancefield, Donald, 60
witness at Sturtevant-Shapiro wedding, 88
Woods Hole property, 10, 25–26
Lancefield, Jane, 25, 26, 60
Landon, Alf, 23
Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT), 57, 58, 60
League of Women Voters, 22, 56
Lee, Rex, 149–50, 157
legal research, pre-computer, 69–70, 109
Levine, Barbara, 61, 82
Lexis, 69, 109, 172
Lincoln, Abraham, 30–31
Lowenstein, Bob, 109
Mahoney, Maureen, 162
Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.), 10
Marshall, Thurgood, 127–28
Marston, William (paternal ancestor), 1
McCarthy era, 16, 17, 28, 76, 95
McCree, Wade, 158–59
McMaster University, 18
Mendel, Gregor, 7
Mona Lisa Smile, The (movie), 50–51
Montgomery County Literacy Council, 166
A-6
moot courts, 123, 179
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
California Institute of Techology, 8, 9, 10, 18
Fly Room, 7–9, 12–13, 15
Nobel Prize for Medicine (1932), 8–10, 82
money divided among children of Fly Group members, 8–9, 9–10
Morrison, Jimmy, 94, 95
Morristown, New Jersey, 11
Mt. Holyoke College, 12, 13, 49
Mt. Pleasant (D.C. neighborhood), 92, 99–100, 105–6
Murphy, Jane Marks, 93
Nash, Ogden, 167
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 107–9
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 121, 125
Navy, U.S., sex-based promotion standards, 144–46
Nazism, 29–30
New Bedford, Massachusetts, 1, 10, 11
New Jersey, 3, 4, 11
New Orleans, 35
New Yorker (magazine), 44
Nixon, Richard, 152, 153
Nobel Prize for Medicine, 8–10
O’Connor, Sandra, 98, 147
Oppenheimer, Robert, 46
oral argument, 122–24, 134–40, 146
importance of, 127
justices’ questions, 77, 123, 127–28, 144
loser case, 143–44
preparation, 38
Palfrey, John, 111–13
Pasadena, California, 20–30
Pauling, Crellin, 46
Pauling, Linda, 46
Pauling, Linus, 45–46
Pauling, Linus, Jr., 45
Phi Beta Kappa, 56
PM (newspaper), 44
Point Pleasant, New Jersey, 4
Polytechnic School (Poly), 23, 24, 27
presidential election of 1936, 23
presidential election of 2000, 164
Quakers, 1, 2, 30
A-7
Queens College, 25
radiation hazards, 28, 42, 94–95
radio, 43–44
Reading for the Blind, 166–67
Reagan, Ronald, 148–49, 151
Reed, Diana (ancestor), 4
Reed, Elizabeth (aunt), 13–14
Reed, Emilie (aunt), 14
Reed, Emilie Curtis “Granny” (maternal grandmother), 4, 11, 13
and radio programs, 43–44
traditional view of women, 12, 22, 41
Reed, Martha (aunt), 13
Reed, Phoebe. See Sturtevant, Phoebe Reed
Reed, Rachel (aunt), 13, 14, 85
Reed College, 159
Reno, Janet, 164
Republican Party, 157, 164
Revolutionary War, 3
Richardson, Elliot, 152, 153
Rockefeller Institute, 25
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 23, 76–78
Betty and Bob in Washington (children’s book), 23–24, 77
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 22–23, 24, 77
Rosenberg, Bea, 72, 102–3
Rosenberg trial (atomic secrets), 104–5
Rosenthal, Alan, 102, 119, 120, 163
Rosenthal, Helen Miller, 119, 147–48
Ruckelshaus, Bill, 152, 153
Sachs, Harry, 117
Santa Rosa, California, 55, 56, 57, 64
Saturday Night Massacre, 151–53
Schwartz, Warren, 67
segregation, 27, 99, 100
Seven Sisters colleges, 13
scholarships, 25
See also Mt. Holyoke College; Wellesley College
sex discrimination, 75, 84–86, 96
gains in professional status, 160
law firms, 97–98, 121, 147
Navy’s different promotion standards, 144–46
and women’s lack of training, 147–48
Shapiro, Alfred (younger son)
childhood, 106, 108, 110, 117, 118, 173
Reed College, 159, 173
A-8
TV cameraman, 172, 173, 176
Shapiro, Charles (older son)
childhood, 106, 107, 108, 117, 118, 132
dyslexia, 173–76
computers, 171–72, 176
unconventionality, 170–71, 172
wife, 132
Shapiro, Harriet – Personal
academic successes, 25, 39, 40, 41, 56, 66–67
ancestry, 1–20, 30, 32–36, 42
great-uncles’ letters, 33–35, 36
atheism, 30
“bathtub mind,” 38
Bethesda home, 101, 107
birth date and place, 1, 10, 11
brothers. See Sturtevant, William “Bill”; Sturtevant, Henry “Fritz”
career considerations, 41–42, 52, 53–58
choice of college, 13, 25, 49
closeness with father, 113–14
Columbia Law School, 17, 61–75, 159
choice of, 60, 61, 118
first semester, 64–65
graduation, 93
Jane Marks Murphy Prize, 93
job interviews, 93, 94, 96
Law Review, 66–74, 76–81, 83–84, 104–5
editor-in-chief, 23, 68–69, 70–73, 76–79, 88, 89
Eleanor Roosevelt lunch, 23–24, 76–77
letter from Justice Frankfurter, 78, 79
marriage while attending, 78, 81, 82–84, 87–90
Supreme Court clerkship interview, 75, 96
women student friends, 61–62
and dating, 57–58
early years, 36–37, 39–59
differences from classmates, 23, 30–31, 44
emotional security, 31
family cross-country auto trips, 26–28, 37
father’s prominence, 48
pastimes, 42–45
and politics, 22, 23
private school experience, 23, 24, 27
reading and favorite books, 42–43
and religion, 30–31
self-confidence, 24
and social skills, 24, 39–40, 49, 51, 83
Southern California home, 9, 11, 18, 20–21, 24
A-9
trip to England, 21
Woods Hole summer house, 10–11, 25–27
and World War II, 28, 29–30
father. See Sturtevant, Alfred Henry
and feminism, 118, 132, 147–48
friendships, 25, 26, 61–62, 83–84, 101
husband. See Shapiro, Howard “Howie”
job between college and law school, 54–56, 57, 64
and Lancefield family, 10, 11, 13, 15, 25, 88
law career choice, 41, 42, 56, 57, 58
Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT), 57, 58, 60
married life in Washington, D.C., 99–100
married name, 78
maternal aunts, 13–14
maternal grandmother. See Reed, Granny
Morgan Nobel Prize money, 10, 82
mother. See Sturtevant, Phoebe Reed
as mother
part-time work, 107–13, 116
return to full-time work, 116–18, 132
son’s dyslexia, 173–76
stay-at-home, 106–7
paternal grandfather, 5–6, 11
and poetry, 167–68
and politics, 22, 164
professional support, 69
and quilting, 41
reading choices, 42–43, 168
retirement, 165–70
initial adjustment, 165–66
volunteer projects, 166–68
role model for, 25
and rug hooking, 168–70
scholarships, 24, 25, 49, 82
self-confidence, 24
and sewing, 41, 101, 132, 172
skill at taking tests, 36, 54, 60
sons, 39, 41, 71, 104, 106, 107, 108, 170–76
See also Shapiro, Alfred; Shapiro, Charles
and Washington, D.C., 84, 92, 99–101, 105–6
wedding and honeymoon, 88–89
Wellesley College, 48–54, 56–57, 64
choice of, 13
Phi Beta Kappa, 56
scholarship, 25
Shapiro, Harriet – Professional
A-10
advice for young women lawyer aspirants, 178–79
Atomic Energy Commission, 42, 75–76, 94–96, 97, 100, 103–4, 105
classified material, 111, 112, 115
part-time position, 109–13
security clearance, 28–29, 75–76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 103
time-span of service, 116
D.C. bar exam, 92
General Counsel’s Office, 106, 113
National Institutes of Health part-time work, 107–9
Social Security Administration Claims Examiner, 54–55, 57, 58–59, 64
Solicitor General’s Office, 60, 72, 98–99, 114, 115, 138–41, 142–63
admittance to Supreme Court, 140–41
appeal recommendations, 136–39, 140
application for job, 117, 118
attire to appear before Court, 124, 125–26
on Bork as Solicitor General, 153
cases argued, 134–40, 142–47, 155–56
duration of service (1971–2000), 165
First Amendment appeal recommendation, 105
first Supreme Court argument, 77
as first woman Assistant hired, 60, 116–17, 119, 120, 129, 160
as generalist, 134–36
husband as colleague, 155, 177
IFPs (in forma pauperis petitions) revision, 133–34, 139–40, 155
loser cases, 143–44
nameplate on door, 78
oral argument, 38, 122–24, 126–27, 143–44, 146
and politics, 148–50, 164
preferred types of cases, 136–40
retirement, 164–65
troubling cases, 134–36
Shapiro, Howard “Howie” (husband), 14, 39, 43, 75, 81–82, 96, 99, 144–45, 165
Columbia Law School, 61, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72, 176–78
Law Review, 82, 83, 104
courtship and marriage, 69, 70, 78, 87–91
letter to Sturtevants, 87, 89
D.C. bar exam, 92, 93
discovery of Uncle Herman, 91–92
domestic life, 90, 106–7, 113, 115
Federal Energy Commission, 177
Federal Trade Commission, 177
GI Bill, 82
Jewish background, 88, 90
Justice Department
Antitrust Appellate Division, 78, 84, 102, 116–17, 134, 155, 177
Honors Program, 84, 92, 93, 101
A-11
law clerk, 100
Solicitor General’s Office, 155, 177
Merchant Marine service, 82
and motion for wife’s admission to Supreme Court, 140
personality, 68
physical fitness enthusiasm, 178
research skills, 91, 178
son’s dyslexia, 174
supportiveness as husband, 69, 91, 118, 177, 178, 180
University of Illinois, 82
Van Ness Feldman (private energy firm), 177–78
wedding and honeymoon, 88–89
and wife as Solicitor General Assistant, 140, 155, 159, 177
Shea, Katy, 111
Sims, Leonard, 83, 90
Social Security Act (1935), 129–30, 147
Social Security Administration
Claims Examiner job, 54–56, 57, 58–59, 64
Court cases, 129–30, 146, 147
legal specialists, 122
Solicitor General, 157–59, 163
Bork as, 124, 151, 152–54
desirable qualities, 154, 160
first woman, 160, 161
Griswold as, 60, 116, 119, 157, 160
and politics, 149–50, 157–59, 160
Solicitor General’s Office, 60, 72, 78, 98–99, 105, 114, 115, 117–18, 138–41, 142–63,
177
Administrative Assistants, 162
Antitrust Appellate interaction, 117, 134
appeal recommendations, 134–36, 136–39
Assistant’s job components, 137–39
attire for Court Appearance, 124
criminal informa pauperis petitions, 133–34
Deputy Solicitor Generals, 70, 102, 124, 138, 144, 147, 150–51
elite attitude of, 120–22
first woman Assistant, 60, 116–17, 119, 120, 129, 160
focus on legal detail, 122
Friedman as Principal Deputy, 118
lunches with Supreme Court justices, 128
moot courts, 123
and politics, 124, 144, 148–50, 151, 154, 157–58, 161–62
and Saturday Night Massacre, 151–53
signature on briefs, 140–41
women lawyers, 131–32, 141, 161
women political Deputies, 124, 161–62
A-12
women’s lunches, 131, 162
Sons of the Confederacy, 18
Sovern, Michael, 68–69, 71–73
Spadoni, Emily, 162
Star News (newspaper), 44
Starr, Kenneth, 158, 160
states’ rights, 149
Stewart, Bill, 111
Stillman, Elinor, 121–22, 125
Stout, Richard (paternal ancestor), 2
Strauss, Lewis, 94
Sturtevant, Alfred Henry (father), 10–11, 16–17, 31, 36–37, 174
Alabama boyhood, 5–6, 28
atheism, 30, 31
biography of, 11
brothers, 10
California Institute of Technology, 8, 10, 18–19, 45–46
Carnegie grant, 21
children. See Shapiro, Harriet; Sturtevant, William “Bill”; Sturtevant, Henry “Fritz”
children’s careers, 42, 48
children’s education, 23, 24
children’s Morgan grant, 9
as children’s role model, 19–20, 48
Columbia University, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 60
cross-country auto trips, 26–28, 37
daughter’s choice of husband, 87, 89
death of, 113, 114
and Democrats, 22
devotion to family, 19
education, 6–7
encyclopedia-reading as pastime, 45
ethics, 28, 30
first meeting with wife, 12–13, 15
genealogy book, 1, 3, 5
genetic fruit fly project, 1, 7–8, 12–13, 36–37
gene chromosome linear arrangement, 8, 30–31
grandson’s dyslexia, 174
House Un-American Affairs Committee complaint letter, 28–29, 76, 95
Lancefield family friendship, 10, 25–26
lung cancer, 113–14
marriage 15, 19
See also Sturtevant, Phoebe Reed
mathematical mind, 37
Pauling as neighbor, 45–46
and politics, 22, 28–29, 31, 44
and popular entertainment, 43–45
A-13
professional prominence 48
radiation warnings, 28, 42, 94–95
siblings, 16
and women’s equality, 12, 41
Woods Hole summer house, 10–11, 25–27, 173
and World War II, 29–30
World War I service, 14–15
Sturtevant, Bessie (aunt), 6–7
Sturtevant, Bill (older brother). See Sturtevant, William “Bill”
Sturtevant, Bradford (uncle), 16
Sturtevant, Edgar (uncle), 6, 7, 16
Hittite languages scholarship, 14
Sturtevant, Fritz (younger brother). See Sturtevant, Henry “Fritz”
Sturtevant, Hannah Fayerweather (great-grandmother), 33
Sturtevant, Helen (aunt), 16
Sturtevant, Henry “Fritz” (younger brother), 12, 19–20, 21, 24, 43, 48, 114
California Institute of Technology, 46, 47
engineering career, 20, 37, 47
handiness, 20, 47
similarities with father, 20, 37
spectrophotometer design, 47
Sturtevant, Julian Munson (great-grandfather), 4–5, 30, 32–33, 35
second marriage to deceased wife’s sister, 5, 30, 33
Sturtevant, Phoebe Reed (mother), 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12–13, 16–17, 39–41, 51, 58
adoration of husband, 39, 48
art interests, 43
and California, 18
carpentry skill, 20
cross-country auto trips, 26–28
and daughter’s choice of husband, 87, 89–90
and Fly Room, 12, 13
grandson’s dyslexia, 174–75
home life, 43–45
husband’s cancer and death, 113, 114
Lancefield family friendship, 10, 11, 25–26
League of Women Voters, 22
marriage, 15, 19
as mother, 19, 21, 22, 23, 39–41, 58, 70, 90
mother. See Reed, Granny
Mt. Holyoke, 12, 13, 49
and politics, 22, 31
and radio programs, 43–44
sisters, 13–14
and women’s careers, 15
Woods Hole summer house, 10–11, 25–27, 173
Sturtevant, William “Bill” (older brother), 10, 11, 12, 18, 24, 26, 33–35, 40, 42, 45, 114
A-14
American Indian expertise, 47–48
and ancestor’s letters, 34–35, 36
anthropology, 34, 36, 47–48, 52
Supreme Court, U.S.
argument before, 77
clerkship, 75, 96
justices’ personalities, 128–29
justices’ questions, 77, 123, 127–28, 144
and Law Review citations, 79–80
lawyer’s motion for admission to, 140–41
male lawyers’ attire, 124, 126
Solicitor General’s Office administrative liaison, 162–63
Solicitor General’s Office cases, 142–47
Solicitor General’s Office oral argument, 122–25, 143–44
women justices, 129, 130–31, 146–47, 160, 161, 162
women lawyers’ attire, 124–26
Supreme Court Bar, 140
Swarthmore College, 25, 49
takings cases, 142, 155–56
Taylor, Harriet, 61–62
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 24, 77
Underwood, Barbara, 162
United Nations (U.N.), 17, 23, 75, 76, 95
University of Illinois, 82
University of Michigan Law School, 66, 68, 71
U.S. Attorneys, 159, 179
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 142
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 142
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 142
Van Ness Feldman (energy firm), 177–78
Vietnam War, 135–36
von Princis, Penelope (Mrs. Richard Stout; paternal ancestor), 2
Wallace, Larry, 133, 147, 149, 150
Wallace, Miss (illustrator), 12, 13
Washington, D.C., 84, 92, 93
1950s atmosphere, 99–101
Washington, Judge, 96–97
Watergate investigation, 151–53
Waxman, Seth, 158, 164
Wechsler, Herbert, 74–75, 96
Weinstein, Jack, 87, 88
Welles, Orson, War of the Worlds radio program, 44
A-15
Wellesley College, 13, 25, 48–54, 56–57, 64
academic seriousness, 52–53
marriage expectation, 51, 58
movie Mona Lisa Smile portrayal of, 50–51
student life, 50–52
women faculty and president, 53
women
careers, 14, 25
college attendance, 13–14, 23, 41
equality of, 12, 41
maiden and married name, 78
opening of opportunities for, 148
suffrage, 22
traditional skills of, 39–41
See also feminism; sex discrimination
women lawyers
contemporary career advice, 178–79
federal government opportunities, 180
first appointed to Solicitor General’s Office, 60, 116–17, 119, 120, 129
first appointed to Supreme Court, 129
first Solicitor General, 160, 161, 162
generational increased status of, 84–85, 141, 147, 148, 160–61
and law schools, 24, 57, 60, 61, 93, 98, 118, 119, 179
opened opportunities for, 148
supportive husband, 180
See also sex discrimination
Women’s Bar Association of New York, 84, 85
women’s colleges, 49, 148
Seven Sisters, 13, 25
women’s movement, 116, 161
consciousness-raising groups, 132
See also feminism
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 10–11, 16, 18, 25
Shapiro honeymoon, 88–89
Sturtevant summer house, 10–11, 25–27, 173
World War I, I4
World War II, 16–17, 28, 29–30, 44
Wright, J. Skelly, 149
x-rays, 28, 94
Yale Law Review, 80
Yale Law School, 62
Yale University, 5, 70