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INDEX
Adams, Judge Arlen, 38-39
American Federation of Labor (AF of L), 10
Anoka, Minnesota, 28
Baltimore, Maryland, 39
Banner, Bobby, 26-27
Barnes v. Costle, 561 F.2d 983 (D.C. Cir. 1977), 50-52
Bazelon, Judge David L., 14, 22-25, 50
Bell Telephone Company, 49
“Black and Tan” place, 26
Boulder, Colorado, 1
Brennan, Owen B., 10
Brewer, Justice, 18, 19
Bryan, Judge Albert V., Jr., 44
Burger, Chief Justice, 14, 15, 20
Butzner, Judge John D., 19
Canada, 16, 17, 32
Canadian Supreme Court, 51
Chambers, Whitaker, 5, 7
Chicago, Illinois, 4, 37, 38, 39
Circuit Judicial Conference, discussion of sex based discrimination, 49-50
Civil Rights Act of 1964, P.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, 49
Clark, Justice, 21
Colorado, University of , 1
Congress, U.S.:
George MacKinnon’s role in, 2-10
Labor Committee, 4-6
see also MacKinnon, George E.
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 10
Coolidge, President Calvin, 43
Criticism of decisions of U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 14, 21-25
D.C. Transit case (see Democratic Central Comm. of D.C. v. D.C. Transit System), 35
Decoster, Willie, Jr. (see U.S. v. Decoster), 22, 23
Democratic Central Comm. of D.C. v. D.C. Transit System, 459 F.2d 1178 (D.C. Cir. 1972), 35
Dewey, Thomas, 3
Discrimination, sex based, 49-51
Dranow, Ben, 11
Dranow case (see U.S. v. Hoffa),
Driscoll, Governor Alfred E., 3-4
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Durham rule (Durham v. U.S.,214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954), 14, 21, 22, 25
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 49
Eisenhower Administration, 9, 38
Eisenhower, General Dwight D., nomination of, 3-4
England, 34, 48
Everglades Hotel pension fraud case, (see U.S. v. Hoffa), 10, 11
Farmer-Labor Party, 2, 15-16
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 7
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 30
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 29
Fort Dodge, Iowa, 27
Freeman, Orville, 9
General Motors, 50
Georgetown Law Journal, 14-15
Gesell, Judge Gerhard R.., 41
Giuseppi v. Walling, 144 F.2d 608 (2d Cir. 1944), 20
Glenwood Springs, Colorado, 1
Goucher College, 7, 8
Grand Junction, Colorado, 1
Graylord cases (see U.S. v. Devine), 38
Great Northern Railroad, 1
Halleck, Charles (Charlie), 8
Hand, Judge Learned, 19-20
Hartley Bill (Labor Management Relations Act, 61 Stat. 136), 5, 9
Harvard, 6
Harvard Law Alumni Association, 6-7
Harvard Law Review, 15
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 49
Hiss, Alger, 5, 6, 7
Hiss case (see U.S. v. Hiss), 5-8
George MacKinnon assists FBI and Nixon to find crucial evidence, 6-8
Pumpkin Papers, typewriter used for, 7-8
Hiss, Priscilla, 7, 8
Hoffa cases (see U.S. v. Hoffa), 10-11
Kennedys’ interest in cases, 10, 11
Hoffa, James (Jimmy), 9-11
Holy Trinity Church v. U.S., 143 U.S. 457 (1893), 18, 19
House Un-American Activities Committee, 5
Independent Counsel, 36-44
Adams, Arlen, 38-39
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Appointment of, 36-40
Conflicts of interest, 37-39
Mandate of, 40, 41
Need for and criticism of, 43, 44
Relationship with Special Division, 42
Statute, 18, 19
Conflict of interest, 40, 43-44
Criticism of and need for, 39-44
Need for, 39-44
Webb, Daniel, 37-38
In re Franklyn C. Nofziger, 925 F.2d 428 (D.C. Cir. 1991), 18, 19
INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1982), 20
Investment Company Act, 30
Investor’s Mutual Funds, 11
Investors Diversified Services (IDS), 2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 25
Investors Syndicate, 2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 25
Iran-Contra Affair, 37, 41
Johnson, Mary Kay, 26, 27
Justice Department, U.S., 9-10, 11-13, 37, 39-40, 44
Assistant Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, 49
Attorney Generals:
Kennedy, Robert F., 10-11
Meese, Edwin, 41
Reno, Janet, 43
Rogers, William, 9, 10
Deputy Attorney General Richard (Dick) Kleindienst, 13
Internal Security Division, 9
Civil Rights Division, 9, 40
Independent counsel, 18, 19, 36-37
Special Division of Independent Counsels, 36
Kansas, 19
Kennedy Administration, 11
Kennedy, President John F. (Jack), 10, 11
Kennedy, Robert F., 10, 11
Kersten, Charlie, 4
Kleindienst, Richard (Dick), 13
Labor Bribery Statute, 61 Stat. 157, 10
Labor Department, U.S., 10
Lawyers, corrupt:
Peterson, Ray (Straw Hat), 28
Siegel, 26, 27
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Leventhal, Judge Harold, 14, 24, 25, 35
Litchfield, Minnesota, 29
Los Angeles, California, 39
Lumbard, Judge J. Edward, 13
Lundeen, Ernie, 29
MacKinnon, Betty, 12
MacKinnon, Catharine A. (Kitty), 48-52
MacKinnon, George E.:
Anecdote about Ernie Lundeen, 29
Career goals, 12, 13, 24
Early life, 1
Education, 1
Experiences with corrupt lawyers, 25-28
Family background, 16
Friendship with Judge Leonard Walsh, 14, 29
Judges’ lunches, 33
Judicial philosophies:
criminal law, views on, 14, 21
criticism of decisions of U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit, 14, 21, 22, 24-25
criticism of views of Judges Bazelon and Wright, 14, 20-25
dissenting opinion in Decoster case (see U.S. v. Decoster), 23
role of public interest organizations, 31
sex discrimination remedies, 52
statutory interpretation:
and Chief Justice Burger, 20
experience with, 17
importance of Holy Trinity Church case (see Holy Trinity Church v.
U.S.), 18,19
independent counsel statute, 18-19, 39-44
manifest intent, 18, 19
rules for, 17-21
strict constructionism, 16-20
Labor law, involvement with:
drafts Labor Bribery Statute, 61 Stat. 157, 10
drafts Taft-Hartley Bill, 61 Stat. 136, 5, 9
Labor Management Relations Act, 61 Stat. 136 (Taft-Hartley Act), 4, 5, 9
Lawyers, change in public views of, 25-28
Legal career:
assistant football coach, 2
General Counsel of Investor’s Mutual Funds (1960-1969), 11
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Hoffa cases (see U.S. v. Hoffa), 10-11
Investors Diversified Services (Investors Syndicate):
assistant to counsel, 2, 25
experience with SEC, 30
offered Assistant Attorney General position, 9
offered Solicitor General to the Post Office Department position, 8
U.S. Attorney in Minnesota, 8, 36
Banner inquiry, 26, 27
Dranow case, (see U.S. v. Hoffa), 11
corrupt lawyers, 25-28
white slave case, 25-28
work for Republican 1952 presidential campaign, 2-4
Legislation drafted:
Investment Company Act of 1940, 54 Stat. 789, assists with, 30
Labor Bribery Statute, 61 Stat. 157, 10
Taft-Hartley Act (Labor Management Relations Act, 61 Stat. 136), 4, 5, 9
Lobbying experience, 28, 29
Notable lawyers, 3, 11, 37, 38
On U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1969 – 1995):
changing direction of court, 23-25
Chief Judge on the Special Division of Independent Counsels, 36-43
independent counsel Arlen Adams, 38, 39
independent counsel Dan Webb, 37-38
interpretation of statutory mandate, 40, 41
Iran Contra affair, 37, 41, 42
need for independent counsels, 39, 40, 43-44
relationship between Special Division and counsels, 42
selection of counsels, 36-39
circuit conference, organizes discussion on sex discrimination, 49-50
collegiality of court, 32-34
dissents sustained by the Supreme Court, 35
ease of transition to, 31-32
judges’ conferences, 33
notable cases:
Barnes v. Costle, 561 F.2d 983 (D.C. Cir. 1977), 50-52
Democratic Central Committee of D.C. v. D.C. Transit System,
459 F.2d 1178 (D.C. Cir. 1972), 35
U.S. v. Decoster, 624 F.2d 196 (D.C. Cir. 1979), 22-24
Washington Post v. Tavoulareas, 737 F.2d 1170 (D.C. Cir. 1984), 34, 35
offered judgeship, 11-13
on U.S. Sentencing Commission, 45-48
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discretion granted by Congress, 46, 47
role of Commission, 45-48
prior knowledge of court’s work, 13-14
reasons for accepting appointment, 14, 24
relationship with U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia judges, 33
Political career:
Congress, U.S., in (1946-1948):
drafts legislation, 5, 9, 10
elected to, 2, 3
on Labor Committee, 4, 5
role in Hiss case (see U.S. v. Hiss), 6-8
governor, runs for, 9
in Minnesota House of Representatives (1934-1942), 2, 9-10
anti-socialist views, 15-16
Republican 1952 presidential campaign:
research director for Nixon, 8
role in, 2, 3
Political views, 2, 15-16
Publications:
Tribute to Chief Justice Burger in Harvard Law Review,
(100 Harv L. Rev. 988 (March 1987)), 15
Tribute to Judge Tamm in Georgetown Law Review,
(74 Geo. L. J. 1571, 1576 (1983)), 14, 15
Stassen, Harold, friendship with, 2, 3
U.S. Navy career, 2
Views on Washington lawyers, 30
Washington, D.C., early experiences in, 28-29
Mandatory minimum sentences, 45-48
March, Charles H., 29
McClellan, Senator Steven, 11
McGarr, Judge Frank, 38
McGowan, Judge Carl, 14, 24, 25
Meese, Edwin, 41
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1, 2, 6, 11, 16, 33
Minnesota, 5, 8, 9, 36, 38
Minnesota Bar, 2
Minnesota House of Representatives, 2, 9-10
Minnesota, University of, 1, 2, 14, 28
Montana, 15
Nashville, Tennessee, 10
Navy, U. S., 2
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Neal, Jim, 11
New Jersey, 3, 4
New York, 39
New York, New York, 5
Nixon Administration, 13, 36
Nixon, President Richard M., 3-8
Hiss case (see U.S. v. Hiss), role in, 6-8
Vice-presidential nomination, 4, 8
Nofziger, Lyn, 18
North, Oliver, 41
North High School, 26
Norton, W. I., 13
Ohio, 3, 43
Olympics, 29
Oregon, 3, 34
Parmalee, C., 43
Peasley, Amos, 3
Pell, Judge Wilbur F., Jr., 19
Peterson, Ray (Straw Hat), 28
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 39
Poindexter, John M., 37
Powers, Thompson, 49
Presidential campaigns:
1948 campaign, 3
1952 campaign:
Eisenhower nomination, Judge MacKinnon’s role in, 4
Judge MacKinnon as Research Director for Nixon, 8
Republican party primary campaign, delegate maneuvering in, 3-4
Pumpkin Papers, (see U.S. v. Hiss), 5
Reagan, President Ronald, 41
Reiger, Mitch, 38
Reno, Attorney General Janet, 43
Richey, Judge Charles R., 50
Robb, Judge Roger, 14
Roberts, Owen, 43
Robinson, Judge Spottswood W., III, 24, 50, 51
Rogers, William, 9, 10
San Francisco, California 39
Scalia, Justice, 32, 34
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 30
Sex discrimination, 49-51
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Sexual Harassment of Working Women by Catharine A. MacKinnon,
Yale University Press, 1979, 51
Siegel, 26-28
Sioux City, Iowa, 1
Smith, Congressman Howard, 49
Socarras, Michael P., 1
Socialism, 16
Solicitor General to the Post Office Department, 8
Special Division for Appointing Independent Counsels, 19, 36-43
see MacKinnon, George
Spiegel Department Store, 26, 27
St. Paul, Minnesota, 1, 16
Starr, Judge Kenneth W., 34
Stassen, Harold, 2, 8-9, 13, 34
Presidential campaign, 3-5
Statutory interpretation, 17-21
Steptoe and Johnson, 49
Strict constructionism, 16-20
Supreme Court, U.S.:
Justices:
Burger, Warren, 14, 15, 20
Clark, Tom C., 21
Scalia, Antonin, 32, 34
Taft, Senator Robert, 3, 4
Taft-Hartley Bill, (Labor Management Relations Act, 61 Stat. 136), 4, 5, 9
Tamm, Judge Edward Allen, 14, 24, 25
Teapot Dome, 43
Tennessee, 10
Test fleet case (see U.S. v. Hoffa), 10, 11
Thornburgh, Lacy H.., 49
Thye, Senator Edward, 8
Truman, President Harry, 3
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit:
Circuit Judicial Conference, 49-50
Collegiality of court, 32-34
Criticism of courts’ direction, 14, 20-24
Influence of Judges Wright and Bazelon, 23-24
Judges:
Bazelon, David Lionel, 14, 22-25, 50
Leventhal, Harold, 14, 24, 25, 35
McGowan, Carl, 14, 24, 25
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Robb, Roger, 14
Robinson, Spottswood W., III, 24, 50, 51
Starr, Kenneth W., 34
Tamm, Edward Allen, 14, 24, 25
Wilkey, Malcolm R., 14, 24
Wright, James Skelly, 14, 22-25
Judges’ conferences, 32-33
Notable cases:
Barnes v. Costle, 561 F.2d 983 (D.C. Cir. 1977), 50-52
U.S. v. Decoster, 624 F.2d 196 (D.C. Cir. 1979), 22-24
Democratic Central Committee of D.C. v. D.C. Transit System,
459 F.2d 1178 (D.C. Cir. 1972), 35
Durham v. U.S., 214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954), 21
Washington Post v. Tavoulareas, 737 F.2d 1170 (D.C. Cir. 1984), 34-35
Salary of judges, 12
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia:
Judges:
Gesell, Gerhard R., 41
Richey, Charles R., 50
Waddy, Joseph, 22, 23
Walsh, Leonard P., 14, 29, 37
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, 38
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, 44
U.S. Sentencing Commission, 45
discretion granted by Congress, 46-47
role of Commission, 45-48
U.S. v. Decoster, 624 F.2d 196 (D.C. Cir. 1979), 22-24
U.S. v. Devine, 787 F.2d 1086 (7th Cir. 1968) (Graylord cases), 38
U.S. v. Hiss, 185 F.2d 822 (2nd Cir. 1950), 10-11
U.S. v. Hoffa, 367 F.2d 698 (7th Cir. 1966) (Everglades Hotel pension fraud case), 9-10
U.S. v. Hoffa, 349 F.2d 2 (6th Cir. 1965) (Test fleet case), 9-10
U.S. v. Hoffa, 402 F.2d 380 (7th Cir. 1968) (Dranow case),
Waddy, Judge Joseph, 22, 23
Walsh, Lawrence E., 41-42
Walsh, Judge Leonard P., 14, 29, 37
Washington, D.C., 6, 8, 9-10, 12, 28-29, 39
Washington lawyers, 30
Washington Post, The, 22, 34
Washington Post v. Tavoulareas, 737 F.2d 1170 (D.C. Cir. 1984), 34-35
Webb, Dan, 37, 38
Western Conference Medal, 1
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Wilkey, Judge Malcolm R., 14, 24
Wilmar, Minnesota, 1
Wisconsin, 4
Woodward, Bob, 34
Wright, Judge James Skelly, 14, 22-25
Yale Law School, 50
Yale University Press, 51