Index
AAUW. See American Association of University Women
Aber, Captain, 49
Abram, Morris, 43
Adam Clayton Powell case. See Powell v. McCormack
Adams, President Samuel, 176
Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947):
Criticized, 69, 70, 73
Defense of, 70-72
Justice Black’s views in, 64-65, 68-75
Affirmative action, 209-213, 218
See also Oberdorfer, Louis F., Judicial philosophies
Alabama, 1, 3, 42-43, 60-62, 81-82, 92, 104, 110, 124, 130
See also Anniston, Birmingham, Decatur, Falkville, Florence, Fort McClellan, Mobile,
Montgomery, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Alabama and Southern Railroad, 82
Alabama Bar Association, 7, 8
Alabama Justices’ Practice, 9-10, 62, 241
Alabama Lawyer, The, 62-63
Alexandria, Virginia, 68
American Association of University Women (AAUW), 228, 229
American Bar Association, 113
Amherst College, 16
Andrews Air Force Base, 122
Androscoggin (Camp, Club, and Lake), 232-233, 237
Anecdotes:
About cases:
Lockheed Plane Crash cases, (see Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft
Corp.), 160-166, 190
Ukrainian-American Bar Association v. Shultz, 695 F.Supp. 33 (D.D.C. 1988), 198
About judges:
Leventhal, Harold, 178
Frank, Jerome, 93-94
Jones, Walter B., 61-62
About lawyers:
Donovan, Jim, 120
Pickering, John, 128-129
Paul, Randolph, 93-94
Annapolis, Maryland, 52
A1
Anniston, Alabama, 43
Anti-Semitism, 6-7, 12-15, 17, 20-21
Antitrust Division, U.S. Justice Department, 77-78
Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn, 107
Arlington Cemetery, 125
Armistice Day, 44
Arnold, Judge Thurman, 17, 77, 87
Arnold & Fortas, 87
Arnold & Porter, 129, 165
Atlanta, Georgia, 43
Attorney General’s Office, U.S., 102-103, 105-107, 110-121, 131-132
See also Justice Department, U.S.
Balch Hill, 22
Baltimore, Maryland, 53
Barbe, Martha, 232
Barr, Tom, 187
Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 242 (1833), 69, 72
Batsell, Elmer, 78
Battle of the Marne, 163
Bavaria, 79-80
Bay of Pigs prisoner exchange, 114-122
Bay of Pigs, The, by Haynes Johnson, 121
Bazelon, Judge David L., 135
Beddow, Peter, 7
Bell, Griffin, 108, 131, 132, 160
Bennett, William, 215
Bernard Goldfine case. See Goldfine v. U.S.
Bill of Rights, 64-65, 69-75, 124
First Amendment cases, 158-159
Fourth Amendment drug search cases, 173-177
Bingham, Congressman, 69-70, 72
Birmingham, Alabama, 1-6, 8, 20, 26, 37, 40, 42, 52, 59, 60, 68, 80, 85, 91-92, 108, 225, 227-
228, 234, 240-241
Birmingham Bar Association, 6-7, 10
Birmingham Barons, 4
Bittker, Boris, 78, 93
Black, Justice, 6, 59, 60, 63-77, 79, 85, 87, 131, 134, 152, 154, 178, 205, 207-208
100th birthday symposium, 75
Accused by Justice Jackson of blocking appointment as Chief Justice, 66-68
Accused of ethics violation, 67
Cases:
Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947), 64-65, 68-75
Everson v. New Jersey case (Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947)), 65, 71
A2
United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947), 65-66
Willie Francis case (Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947)), 65
Due Process clause, U.S.C.A. Const. Amend. 14, views on, 64-65, 69
Influence on L.F.O.’s understanding of the Constitution, 76, 205
Jury system, opinion of, 152, 154
L.F.O.’s clerkship with, 59-60, 63-77
Law clerks, relationships with, 76-77, 178
Oberdorfer family, friendship with, 6, 63-64, 78-79, 240-241
Opinions and dissents by, 64-66, 68-75
Scholarship of, 71-72
Working methods of, 77
Blackmun, Justice, 207-208
Black United Front, 190-194
Bloch, Professor Susan, 1, 149
Blocker, Dr., 44-45
Boorstin, Daniel J., 209
Booth, Herbert, 235
Borchard, Professor Edwin M., 74
Bork, Judge Robert H., 73
Boston, Massachusetts 12
Bostick case. See Florida v. Bostick
Brennan, Justice, 75
Brooklyn, New York, 119
Brown, Charles C., 53
Brown, Chris, 53
Brown, Stanley, 19
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), 6
Bryan, William Jennings, 84
Bryant, Judge William B., 203-204
Buckley, Judge James L., 177, 179
Bundy, Bill, 19
Cacheris, Plato, 185
Cafritz Building, 86, 95
Calhoun, Chad, 95
Callaghan and Company, 92
Camp Crosby, 235
Camp Davis, North Carolina, 49-50
Canada, 138, 209
Canadian Medical Society, 181
Capitol Building, 134
Caplin, Mort, 116
Carmel, California, 55
Carmichael, Stokely, 191
A3
Carter, President James E., 127, 131-132
Carter, Rosalyn, 131
Casque & Gauntlet, 13-14
Castro, Fidel, 115, 118-119
Cave, Bob, 141-142
Central Intelligence Agency, 177
Century of Jewish Life in Dixie, A, by Mark H. Elovitz, 239
Charlottesville, Virginia, 8, 12, 55, 62, 79, 81, 83, 224, 227
Chicago, Illinois, 84
Cincinnati, Ohio, 81-82, 226
Citizens for Kennedy, 102, 121
Civil Division, U.S. Justice Department, 111
Civil Rights Act of 1964, P.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, 112, 124-125, 138-139, 146, 153, 169
Civil Rights Division, U.S. Justice Department, 109-114, 213
Civil War, 47, 49, 72, 75, 83-84, 114, 124, 223
Clark, Ramsey, 111
Cleveland, President Grover, 84
COINTEL program, 190-194
“Give ‘em Bananas” leaflet, 191-194
Columbia Law Review, 30-33
Columbia University, 31, 32
Comer, Braxton Bragg, 231
Comment, “Mobilization for Defense: II. Industrial Mobilization,” 50 Yale L.J. 250 (1940), 30-33
Confederate Army, 61-62, 83-84, 223, 226
Congress, U.S., 5, 30, 70, 117, 138, 157-159, 172, 184, 200, 210, 215-217
Connecticut, 2, 131, 232
Connecticut River, 22
Connell, Ann, 113
Constitution, U.S., 73-76, 134, 157, 160, 204-205, 207-208
See also Bill of Rights and Due Process Clause
Corby Court, 21
Cornell University, 37
Counter-intelligence
see COINTEL program, 190-194
Covington & Burling, 85, 129
Cox, Archibald, 111
Cox, Langford, Stoddard & Cutler, 90-91, 94-96, 109, 126, 128
Cox, Oscar, 32, 95, 128
Cravath firm, 109, 126-127, 185-186
Criminal Division, U.S. Justice Department, 111
Cuba:
Bay of Pigs prisoner exchange, 114-122
Cuban Families Committee, 115, 117
Castro, Fidel, 115, 118-119
A4
Cuban Missile Crisis, 115
Cutler, Lloyd, 90, 94, 126-128, 213-214
Daily , 237, 13
Dalhousie Law School, 138, 209
Dartmouth College, 2-4, 11-20, 21-25, 27, 30, 41, 134, 232
Anti-Semitism at, 12-15
Secret societies at, 13-14
Women and minorities at, 34-36
Davis, Charles, 34
Dean, Dizzy, 4
Dean’s list at Dartmouth, 19
Decatur, Alabama, 3, 81-82, 225, 227
Defenders of Wildlife, 167-168
Delaware, 51-54, 57
Delaware River, 52
Demjanjuk, John, 194
Democrats, 6, 85
Democratic National Committee, 178
Dent, Paul, 55-56
Dilworth, J. Richardson, 20
District of Columbia, 24, 30, 32, 52, 85, 86,120, 133, 154, 166-167, 180, 193-194, 195
Metropolitan Police Department, 148, 156, 173-176, 190
District of Columbia Bar, 139-140, 172
Dixie Series of 1931, 4
Donovan & Leisure, 119
Donovan, Jim, 115, 117-120
Donovan, Wild Bill, 119
Doss v. State, 23 Ala. App. 168 (1929), 240
Douglas, John, 117
Douglas, Justice, 87
Dreyfoos, Orvil, 2-3, 12, 232, 237
Drug cases. See Oberdorfer, Louis F., Judicial philosophies and U.S. District Court
Drug Enforcement Administration, 148
Due Process Clause, U.S.C.A. Const. Amend. 14, 64-65
Dutch East Indies, 46
Earp, Wyatt, 48
East Germany, 81
Eaton, Reverend, 192
Edelman, Peter, 221
Edwards, Judge Harry T., 193
Einstein, Albert, 205
Eiseman, Al, 237
A5
Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 54
Eisenstein, Louis, 86
Elovitz, Mark H., 239
England, 80
Equal Employment Opportunity Act, P.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241 §701 et seq., 112
Erkert, Scotty, 235
Erskine Ramsey Technical High School, 1-2, 234
Establishment Clause, 159, 190
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947) (Everson v. New Jersey case), 65, 71
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, June 25, 1938, c. 676, 52 Stat. 1060, 200-201
Fairman, Professor Charles, 69-71
Falcon, 236, 239
Falk, Louis, 81-82, 83-84, 225
Falkville, Alabama, 81, 225
Fayerweather Hall, 23
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 190-194
Forgeries by, 191-194
Federal Tort Claims Act, Aug. 2, 1946, c. 753, 60 Stat. 812, Title 4, 157
First Amendment cases, 158-159
First Competition, 29-30
Flaherty, Mayor, 131
Florence, Alabama, 81
Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991) (Bostick case), 176
FOIA case. See Freedom of Information Act and Nishnic v. U.S. Department of Justice
Folklore of Capitalism, The, by Thurman Arnold, 17
Food Stamps for Strikers case (see Lyng v. International Union, UAW), 208-209
Fort Amador, Panama, 47-48
Fort Eustis, Virginia, 43
Fort Lee, Virginia, 46
Fort McClellan, Alabama, 43
Fort McPherson, Georgia, 43
Fort Miles, Delaware, 53-54, 56
Fort Saulsbury, Delaware, 52-53
Fortas, Carol Agger, 86-87, 90
Fortas, Justice, 32, 87
Fourteenth Amendment, 69-70, 72
Fourth Amendment Drug Search cases, 173-177
Fourth Coast Artillery, 47-49
Francis, Willie, 65
Francis case (Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947)), 65
Frank, Jerome, 93-94
Frank, John, 67-68
Frankfurter, Justice, 64-65, 66, 68-69, 108
A6
Freedom of Information Act, P.L. 89-487, 80 Stat. 250, 194, 195
Freedom Riders, 122
Fresno, California, 57
Friends for All Children, 162
Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 593 F.Supp. 338 (D.D.C. 1984)
(Lockheed Plane Crash cases), 160-166, 190
Gable, Clark, 43
Galileo, 205
Garrison, Lloyd, 85
Georgetown University Law Center, 184, 221
Georgia, 43
Georgia v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 326 U.S. 693 (1945), 85
Germany, 16, 57-58, 81, 223
Gesell, Judge Gerhard R. (Gerry), 85, 90, 175-177, 212-213
McAleer v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 416 F. Supp. 435 (D.D.C. 1976), 212-213
Gielow, Leslie, 39
Ginsberg, David, 32
Goldfine, Bernard, 105
Goldfine v. United States, 268 F.2d 941 (1st Cir. 1959) (Bernard Goldfine case), 105
Goodhart, Albert, 81
Goodhart, Philip, 81, 82-83
Gorbachev, 196
Great Depression, 4-5, 238, 240
Green key, 13, 22, 35
Green, Judge Joyce Hens, 189
Green, Judge June L., 189
Greene, Judge Harold H., 144, 213
Griswold case (Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), 208
Grooms, Hobart, 108
Guthman, Ed, 118-119
Hadley, Arlene, 20
Hamilton, Alexander, 211
Hamilton, Walton, 77-78
Hampton Institute, 34
Hanover, New Hampshire, 19
Harbor Defenses of the Delaware, 51-54
Harmon, John, 131
Harris, Colonel, 83, 227
Harris, Crampton, 67
Harvard University, 11, 23
Harvard Law Review, 30-33, 93-94
Harvard Law School, 25, 32
A7
Hayes, Senator, 138
Healy, Edward, 232
Healy, Jefferson, 232
Henlopen Hotel, 52
Henry Kaiser Enterprises, 95
Herman, Dick, 3, 12, 232, 237
Hess, Emil, 231
Highland Avenue, 4, 42
Hobson, Julius, 190
Hobson v. Wilson, 737 F.2d 1 (D.C. Cir. 1984):
Appealed, 192-193
Case brought under §§ 1983 and 1985, 194
FBI forgeries, 191-192, 193-194
FBI harassment of antiwar protestors and civil rights demonstrators, 190-194
Importance of case, 194
Plaintiffs in, 190, 192
Hohri v. United States, 847 F.2d 779 (Fed.Cir.1988), 157-158, 190
Holmes, Bill, 39
Homestead Air Force Base, 119-120
Hoover, President Herbert, 238
Hoover, J. Edgar, 194
Housatonic, 232
House of Commons, 19
Houston Buffaloes, 4
Howard, Senator, 69-70, 72
Huddleston, George, 5
Hutcheson, Joseph C., Jr., 108
IBM cases, 185, 187
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 196-198
Inaugural Address (Roosevelt), 5
Internal Revenue Service, 87, 106, 116
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union v. Donovan, 733 F.2d 920 (D.C. Cir. 1984),
Motion for order enforcing Court of Appeals mandate, 200-201
Israel, 194
Jackson, Justice, 66-68
Jackson, Lee, 104
Jackson, Stonewall, statue of, 79
Jacobson, Bobby, 13, 23-24
Jacobson, Milton, 231
Japan, war in, 55
Jeff Calloway case. See Doss v. State, 23 Ala. App. 168 (1929)
Jefferson, President Thomas, 124, 211
A8
Jemison, Elbert, 231
John Marshall Hotel, 46
Johnson, Haynes, 121
Johnson, J., 230
Johnson, President Lyndon B., 113, 126, 189
Johnson, Judge Norma Holloway, 189
Jones, Walter B., 61-63, 74
Jones, Judge William B., 131-132, 141, 160
Jubilee, 236, 239
Judge Walter N. Nixon Impeachment case. See Nixon v. U.S.
Judges:
Appointment of, 218-219
Notable, 187, 188, 204, 213
Packing courts, 206
Judicial Conference for the D.C. Circuit, 38-39, 214
Judicial nominations, screening committee for, 132-133
Justice Department, U.S., 126, 133, 157, 194-195
Acting Attorney General, 102
Antitrust Division, 77-78
Attorney General, 105-106, 112-114, 119
Acting Attorney General, 102
Assistant Attorney Generals, 77, 102-107, 109-110, 131
use of, 110-111
See also Arnold, Thurman; Oberdorfer, Louis F., legal career
Deputy Attorney General, 102, 110, 131
Bay of Pigs prisoner exchange, involvement in, 114-122
Civil Division, 111
Civil Rights Division, 109-114, 213
Criminal Division, 111
Drug Enforcement Administration, 148
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 190-194
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 196-198
Lands Division, 111, 135
Office of Alien Property, 135
Office of Legal Counsel, 102, 110-111
Public Information Officer, 118-119
Solicitor General, 104, 111
Tax Division, 102-125
U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 143-144, 147, 155-157, 172-173, 199, 213
Justice of the Peace Court, 8-9
Kahn, Doug, 107
Kahn, Ed, 107-108
Katzen, Sally, 130-131
A9
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 102, 110-111, 112-113, 120
Kennedy, Senator Edward, 135
Kennedy, President John F., 96, 112-114, 116, 121-122, 124
Citizens for Kennedy, 102
Kennedy Library, 114
Kennedy, Robert F., 102-103, 105-107, 109-111, 114, 124, 126-127, 135, 137
Assassination, 121
Bay of Pigs prisoner exchange, involvement with, 114-122
Civil rights issues, involvement in, 112-114
Justice Department, administration of, 110-112
Korea, 55-56
Korematsu case (Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), 157
Kozinski, Alex, 179
Krock, Arthur, 225
Ku Klux Klan, 6-7, 17, 240
Kurtz v. Baker, 829 F.2d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 159, 190
Labor Department, U.S., 200-201
Lafayette Park Demonstration cases, 158-159
Lakeview Elementary School, 1
Lands Division, U.S. Justice Department, 111, 135
Law and Literature by Richard Posner, 218
Law Review Articles published in Yale Law JournalSee Oberdorfer, Louis F., Publications
Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 112-114
Ledyard Bridge, 22
Lee, Robert E., 84
Lehman, Governor, 81
Lehman, Hattie, 81
Leventhal, Judge Harold, 178
Lewes, Delaware, 52, 53, 56
Lewis, John L., 65
Library of Congress, U.S., 138-139, 209-210
Lockheed Plane Crash cases, (see Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp.),
160-166, 190
Attorney’s fees in, 164-165
Issues in case, 161-163
Reversed in Court of Appeals and retried, 164
Settlement of, 163, 164-166
Lord, Walter, 110
Louisiana, 44, 65, 198
Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947) (Willie Francis case), 65
Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 82
Lyng v. International Union, UAW, 485 U.S. 360 (1988) (Food Stamps for Strikers case),
208-209
A10
Lyon/Terry Building, 8
Madison, President James, 124
Magarian, Greg, 38
Maine, 2, 192, 232, 237
Malinowski, 16
Mandatory minimum sentencing:
Effect of, 142-144, 147-152, 172-173
Reform of, 214-217
Speedy trial issues, 144
See also Oberdorfer, Louis F., Judicial philosophies
Marshall, Burke, 110-111, 124
Martin, Coburn, 235
Maryland, 166-167
Massey, David, 231, 232
Mathias, Senator Charles McC., Jr., 136-137
Mattapeake Ferry, 52
McAleer v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 416 F. Supp. 435 (D.D.C. 1976), 212-213
McDougal, Professor Myres, 26-27
McGowan, Judge Carl, 178
McLean, Virginia, 134, 219
Meador, Professor Dan, 71
Mecklin, John Moffat, 15-18
Meiklejohn, Alexander, 16
Meredith, James, 110, 113
Mertens, Jacob, 92-93
Methodist Church, 3, 82, 228
Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia, 148, 156, 173-176, 190
Miami, 120-122
Michaeljon, Alexander, 16
Michie Company, 9
Military Government School, 55
Miller, Cassidy, Larroca & Lewin, L.L.P., 185
Miller, Herbert J., 111
Miller, Jerome, 206
Mississippi, 15, 27, 110, 160
Mississippi River, 197-198
Missouri, 48
Mobile, Alabama, 104
Monterey, California, 55
Montford, Colonel, 48-49
Montgomery, Alabama, 13, 46, 52, 61, 82
Montrealer, 24
Moore’s Federal Practice, 10
A11
Morgan, John Tyler, 124-125
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 85
Morrisson, James L., 31-32
Mortensen, Stan, 185
Murphy, Justice, 73
Nabers, Hugh, 231
National Organization for Women v. Operation Rescue, 37 F.3d 646 (D.C. Cir. 1994),
166-167, 169, 195-196
National Public Radio, 205-206
Naval Armament Reduction Treaty, 52-53
Neal, John, 234
Neidlinger, Dean, 14
Neill, Sam, 55-56
New Deal, the, 5
New Hampshire, 22
New Hartford, Connecticut, 131
New Haven, Connecticut, 12, 19, 42, 47, 59-60
New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, 190-194
New Orleans, Louisiana, 46, 49, 110, 178, 196
New York, New York, 13, 24, 42, 79-83, 85, 93, 114, 115, 118, 126, 193-194, 224
New York Times, 2, 131
Newfield, Morris, 239
Newman, Roger, 64-65, 67-68
Newport News, Virginia, 34
Nishnic v. U.S. Department of Justice, 828 F.2d 844 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 194-195, 199
Nixon, Judge Walter N., 160, 190
Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993) (Judge Nixon Impeachment case), 160, 190
Nolan, John, 117-120
Norfolk, Virginia, 34
North, Oliver, 117, 122
Norway, Maine, 192
Note, “Effect of a Criminal Conviction in Subsequent Civil Suits,” 50 Yale L.J. 499 (1941),
31, 33-34
Note, “Immunity from Suit of Foreign Sovereign Instrumentalities and Obligations,” 50 Yale L.J.
1088 (1941), 31, 33-34
Note, “Liability of Reconsignors for Freight Charges,” 49 Yale L.J. 1457 (1940), 29-30, 33
Nuremburg trials, 66
Oberdorfer, A. Leo, 80-81, 91-92, 224, 229, 231
brother, 224-225
education and background, 3, 7-9, 235-236, 237
legal career, 1, 3-11
political views, 6-7, 225, 238
publications, 7
A12
Oberdorfer’s Alabama Justices’ Practice, 9-10, 62, 241
“Trifles Light as Air”, 62-63
religion, 239-240
sister, 227
Oberdorfer, Bernard, 9, 79-80, 83-85, 223
Oberdorfer, Elizabeth Weil, 12, 40-41, 42, 44-46, 63, 92, 167-168, 178, 199
Oberdorfer, Judge Louis F.:
Career goals, 10-11
Birmingham, returning to, 26, 37, 91-92
judgeship, aspirations for, 109, 126-127, 137-138, 214
senior status, taking, 183-184, 220
teaching, 184, 221
Early life:
birth, 1, 230
Boy Scouts, 235
and Great Depression, 4-5, 238
family background, 79-85
marriage, 28, 40-41, 63
racial segregation, experience with, 2, 230
religion, 239-240
reminiscences of, 2-5, 7, 10, 229-231
social life, 236-237, 239
summer camps, 232-233, 237
Education:
Bar review course, 61-62
Dartmouth College, 27, 34-36, 41, 236
anti-Semitism at, 12-15
awards won, 14,
choice of, 2-4, 11-12, 19-20, 237
extracurricular activities, 19, 21-23, 233
fraternity membership, 15
friends at, 12-13, 30
professors, memorable, 15-18
reminiscences of, 23-25
student body, immaturity of, 35-36
value of, 18-20
elementary school, 1, 233
secondary education, 1-2, 18, 233-235, 238
Yale Law School, 21-22, 42, 141
anti-Semitism at, 20-21
choice of, 25
courses and professors, memorable, 26-27, 37, 74, 78
critique of, 34, 36-38
culture shock at, 20
finishes, after World War II, 29, 59-60
A13
First Competition, 25-26, 29-30
Yale Law Journal articles. See Oberdorfer, Louis F., Publications
Yale Law School Association, 90
Family history:
father (A. Leo Oberdorfer), 80-81, 91-92, 224, 229, 231
brother, 224-225
education and background, 3, 7-9, 235-236, 237
legal career, 1, 3-11
political views, 6-7, 225, 238
publications, 7
Oberdorfer’s Alabama Justices’ Practice, 9-10, 62, 241
“Trifles Light as Air”, 62-63
religion, 239-240
sister, 227
grandparents, 79-85
Civil War, grandfathers’ roles in, 83-84, 223, 226-227
maternal grandfather, 225-226, 227
maternal grandmother, 226
paternal grandfather, 9, 79-80, 83-85, 223-224, 227
political views, 84-85
grandson, 224
mother, 226, 228-229, 232, 235, 238-239
education and background, 1, 3, 81-82, 227, 236-237
religion, 239-240
uncle, 224-225
wife, 28, 40-41, 44-46, 63, 236
Friendships, 60-61, 231
at Georgetown Law Center, 184, 221
effect of judgeship on, 219-220
judicial friendships, 178-179, 202
Justice Black, family friendship with, 6, 63-64, 78-79, 240-241
Hobbies, 4, 21-22, 219-220
Judicial philosophies:
abortion, views on, 207-208, 209
affirmative action, 209-213, 218
the Bar, quality of, 185-186
Bill of Rights, application to the states, 74-75
changes in, over time, 218
civil rights, 123-125
the Constitution, views of, 204-205, 207-208
courts, packing of, 206
criminal cases overwhelming District of Columbia Circuit courts, 146-148, 169, 170-172
death penalty, views of, 217-218
drug cases:
appropriate courts for and handling of, 142-143, 146-149
A14
District of Columbia Circuit compared to other circuits, 147-148
drug searches under Fourth Amendment, 173-177
effect on the judiciary, 207, 214
employment discrimination cases, 210-211
influence of growing up in South on, 140-141, 210
influence of Justice Black on, 205
influence of Justice Department experience on, 123
judges, appointment of, 218-219
judgeship, strain of, 170
judiciary, limits on power of, 139-140, 201
judiciary, role of, 204
jury system, value of, 152-156
litigation, cost of, 186-187
mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing guidelines:
defects of, 148-152
effect of, 142-144, 147-148, 172-173
reform of, 214-217
mediation, helpfulness of, 169, 171
prosecutorial discretion and responsibilities, 155-157
reversal by appellate courts, attitude towards, 140-141, 173-177, 203
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, changes in, 146, 164,
177-179
Kennedy, Robert F.:
campaigns for, 121
relationship with, 102, 105-107, 120-121
Legal career (prior to judgeship):
clerkship with Justice Black, 59-60, 63-77, 134, 205
Black’s method of working, 77
notable cases:
Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947), 64-65, 68-75
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), 65, 71
United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947), 65-66
Willie Francis case. See Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber
influence of Black, 205
relationship with Black, 76-77
at Cox, Langford, Stoddard, & Cutler, 90-91, 94-96
at Justice Department:
Antitrust Division, 77-78
Bay of Pigs, involvement in, 114-122
civil rights matters, involvement in, 109-114, 122-124
description of job, 103-105, 110
Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, organizes, 112-114
military experience, similarities with, 102, 122
notable cases:
Adam Clayton Powell case. See Powell v. McCormack
A15
Bernard Goldfine case. See Goldfine v. U.S.
Sergeant York case, 105-107
Water Depletion case. See United States v. Shurbet
Robert F. Kennedy, relationship with, 102, 120-121
Tax Division, 126
appointed, 102-103
University of Alabama fraternity, speech on civil rights, 124-125
at Paul, Weiss, Wharton and Garrison, 85-87, 135
Jerome Frank footnote, 94
leaves, 90-92
Tower v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 327 U.S. 280 (1946), 87
at Wilmer, Cutler, and Pickering, 141, 167, 185-186, 199
growth of firm, 127-131
joins, 109, 125-126
tax partner at, 125-126
post-clerkship offers, 85, 87
Publications:
Comment, “Mobilization for Defense: II. Industrial Mobilization,” 50 Yale L.J. 250
(1940), 30-33
Note, “Effect of a Criminal Conviction in Subsequent Civil Suits,” 50 Yale L.J. 499
(1941), 31, 33-34
Note, “Immunity from Suit of Foreign Sovereign Instrumentalities and Obligations,”
50 Yale L.J. 1088 (1941), 31, 33-34
Note, “Liability of Reconsignors for Freight Charges,” 49 Yale L.J. 1457 (1940), 29-30,
33
“On Clerkship Selection: A Reply to the Bad Apple,” 101 Yale L.J. 1097 (1992),
179-181
U.S. Army service, 102, 150
assignments in:
Gun Section, 45
Harbor Defenses of the Delaware, 51-54
Panama, 47-49
POW camp, 57-58
culture shock in, 42-44
discharge from, 55-56, 58-59
drafted, 27-28, 58
educational value of, 49-51
enters, 42-43
fiftieth reunion, 55-56
Military Government School, 55
Officers’ Candidate School, 49-52
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia:
appointed to, 178
confirmation process, 133-137
interview with Senator Scott, 133-136
A16
nomination, 127, 131-133, 160
cases:
drafts of decisions, 168-169
methods of handling, 167-170
types of cases heard, 199
court, changes in, 146
disqualifies self from particular cases, 167-168, 199
drug cases:
District of Columbia Circuit compared to other circuits, 147-148
problems with, 146-149
income, effect of judgeship on, 137-138
judges:
collegiality of, 149, 187-189
independence of, 188, 203-204
notable, 203-204, 213
juries in, 152-157
law clerks, 37-39, 141-142, 195
hiring of, 179-183
qualities required, 201-203
relationships with, 202-203
working with, 76, 167-170
lawyers, notable, 184-187, 192, 198-201, 213-214
notable cases, 150-153
First Amendment cases, 158-159
Fourth Amendment drug search cases, 173-177
Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 593 F.Supp. 338
(D.D.C. 1984) (Lockheed Plane Crash cases), 160-166, 190
Hobson v. Wilson, 737 F.2d 1 (D.C. Cir. 1984), 190-194
Hohri v. United States, 847 F.2d 779 (Fed. Cir. 1988), 157-158, 190
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union v. Donovan, 733 F.2d 920
(D.C. Cir. 1984), 200-201
Nixon v. U.S., 506 U.S. 224 (1993) (Judge Nixon Impeachment case, 160, 190
Kurtz v. Baker, 829 F.2d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 159, 190
Lyng v. International Union, UAW, 485 U.S. 360 (1988) (Food Stamps for Strikers
case), 208-209
Lafayette Park demonstration cases, 158-159
National Organization for Women v. Operation Rescue, 37 F.3d 646 (D.C. Cir.1994),
166-167, 169, 195-196
Nishnic v. U.S. Department of Justice, 828 F.2d 844 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 194-195
Ukrainian-American Bar Association v. Shultz, 695 F.Supp. 33 (D.D.C. 1988), 196-198
United States v. Alexander, 755 F.Supp. 448 (D.D.C. 1991), 176-177
Williams v. Boorstin, 663 F.2d 109 (D.C. Cir. 1980), 138-141, 209-210
senior status, taking, 183-184, 220
U.S. Court of Appeals, relationship with, 52, 146, 178-179
Oberdorfer’s Alabama Justices’ Practice (A. Leo Oberdorfer), 7-10, 62
A17
Office of Alien Property, U.S. Justice Department, 135
Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Justice Department, 102
Office of Personnel Management, U.S., 154
Officers’ Candidate School, 49-52
Ohio, 81-82, 138, 141
“On Clerkship Selection: A Reply to the Bad Apple,” 101 Yale L.J. 1097 (1992), 179-181
Operation Rescue, 166-167, 169, 195-196
Oppenhagen, Emma, 81-82, 226, 228
Orange Bowl, 121
Orrick, William, 111
Othello by William Shakespeare, 62-63
Owen, Mickey, 42
Oxford, Mississippi, 110, 113, 122
Paleopitis, 13
Pan American Airlines, 116
Panama:
Panama Canal, 47
Panama City, 48-49
Park Avenue, 24
Park Police, U.S., 158-159
Past That Would Not Die, The, by Walter Lord, 110
Patrick, Luther, 5
Patton, George S., 231
Paul, Randolph, 85-86, 135
Anecdote about, 93-94
Publications, 92-94
Paul, Weiss, Wharton & Garrison, 85-87, 90, 91-92, 135
Pearl Harbor, 46, 177
Penn Station, 24
Pennsylvania Avenue, 163
People’s National Bank, 79
Philadelphia Enquirer, 119
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 113
Phillips, Robert, 54-55
Philosophy of “As If”, The, by Hans Vaihinger, 16
Pickering, John, 38, 109, 126, 128-129
Pierre Hotel, 42
Pi Lambda Phi, 15
Pilsbury, Anne, 192, 198-199
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 131
“Plantation,” the, 138, 209
Poland, 81, 225
Pollak, Steve, 199-201
Portal-to-Portal litigation, 67-68
A18
Porter, Paul A., 87
Posner, Richard, 218
Poultice, 128
Powell, Adam Clayton, 105
Powell, Justice, 39
Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969) (Adam Clayton Powell case), 105
Presidents of the United States:
Adams, Samuel 176
Carter, James E., 127, 131-132
Cleveland, Grover, 84
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 54
Hoover, Herbert, 238
Jefferson, Thomas, 124, 211
Johnson, Lyndon B., 113, 126, 189
Kennedy, John F., 96, 112-114, 116, 121-122, 124
Madison, James, 124
Reagan, Ronald, 196, 205
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 5, 7, 67-68, 157, 238
Presidio, the, 55
Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr., 117-119
Princeton University, 15-16, 23-25
Prohibition Movement, 3, 82
Public Information Officer, U.S. Justice Department, 118-119
Ramfjord, Per, 184-185, 199
Rassenberger, Ray, 117
Rayburn, Senator Sam, 106-107
Rea, Howard, 91
Reagan, President Ronald, 196, 205
Red Cross, 116
Rehoboth, Delaware, 52, 53-54, 56
“Responsibilities of a Tax Advisor” by Randolph Paul, 93-94
Reykjavik Conference, 196-197
Rezneck, Dan, 133
Richmond, Virginia, 46
Ring Building, 94-95
Robinson, Judge Aubrey E., Jr., 187-188
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), 207-208
Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 5, 7, 67-68, 157, 238
Rosenthal, Albert J., 31
Rusk, Dean, 113
Russakoff, Dale, 108
Russia, 196-198
Rutledge, Justice, 73
A19
Sao Paolo Province, Brazil, 31
Sachs, Steve, 186
Saigon, Vietnam, 161
San Francisco, 111
Scalia, Justice, 212, 219
Schneidemühl, Poland, 81, 225
Scott, Senator, 133-136
Seattle, Washington, 57
Securities and Exchange Commission, U.S., 177
Segal, Bernard, 113-114
Segregation, 2, 34
Sellers, Manny, 103-105
Senate, U.S., 160
Sentelle, Judge David B., 179
Sentencing Commission, U.S., 215
Sentencing guidelines. See Mandatory minimum sentencing; Oberdorfer, Louis F., Judicial
philosophies, mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing guidelines
Sergeant York case, 105-107
Shakespeare, William, 62-63
Shea, Bob, 116
Shulman, Professor Harry, 26
Smith, Adam, 207
Smith College, 21-23, 40-41
Solicitor General, of the U.S., 31, 104, 111
Solomon, Dick, 78
South Dakota, 39
Special Competence of the Supreme Court, The, by Walton Hamilton, 78
Special Master, 165
Speedy Trial Act of 1974, P.L. 93-619, 88 Stat. 2076, 171
Speedy trial issues, 144, 171
Speilberger, Dolph, 231
Spitzer, Lyman, 141
Spong, Bill, 133
Sporkin, Judge Stanley, 175-177
St. Elizabeths Hospital, 159
Stanford Law Review, 69
Stephens, Jay A., 143
Stewart, Justice, 31
Stone, Chief Justice, 66
Streight, Colonel or General, 83
Sunday Night Crowd, 239
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 199
appropriate court for drug cases, 143-144, 147, 149, 172-173
created by Judge Harold Greene, 213
Supreme Court, U.S., 6, 104, 105, 159, 160, 166-167, 195-196
Cases:
A20
Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947), 64-65, 68-75
Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 242 (1833), 69, 72
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), 6
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947)), 65, 71
Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991), 176
Georgia v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 326 U.S. 693 (1945), 85
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)), 208
Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944)), 157
Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947) (Willie Francis case), 65
Lyng v. International Union, UAW, 485 U.S. 360 (1988) (Food Stamps for Strikers
case), 208-209
Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993) (Judge Nixon Impeachment case), 160, 190
Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969) (Adam Clayton Powell case), 105
Portal-to-Portal litigation, 67-68
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), 207-208
Tower v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 327 U.S. 280 (1946), 87
United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947), 65-66
Chief Justice, selection of, 66-68
Justices:
Black, 6, 59-60, 63-77, 78-79, 85, 87, 131, 134, 152, 154, 178, 205, 207-208, 240-241
See also Black, Justice
Blackmun, 207-208
Brennan, 75
Douglas, 87
Fortas, 32, 87
Frankfurter, 64-65, 66, 68-69, 108
Jackson, 66-68
Murphy, 73
Powell, 39
Rutledge, 73
Scalia, 212, 219
Stewart, 31
Stone, 66
Thomas, 219
Vinson, 60, 102
White, 60-61, 102-103, 110, 121
Packing of, 206
Surrey, Stan, 115
Syverud, Kent, 38-39
Tadlock, Guy, 104, 105
Tax Division, U.S. Justice Department, 102-126
See also Oberdorfer, Louis F., Legal career (prior to judgeship), and Justice Department
Tax Law Review, 94
Temple Emanuel, 239-240
A21
Ten Commandments, 204
Tennessee, 43, 106-107
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), 175
Terry stop case. See Terry v. Ohio
Texas, 108, 131
Thanksgiving, 45, 115
Thomas, Ellen, 158-159
Thomas, Justice, 219
Title VII. See Civil Rights Act of 1964, P.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241
Title 42, U.S. Code, Section 1983 (Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights), 194
Title 42, U.S. Code, Section 1985 (Conspiracy to Interfere with Civil Rights), 194, 196
Toledo, Ohio, 141
Toronto Bar Association, 181
Tower v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 327 U.S. 280 (1946), 87
Treasury, U.S., 116
Treblinka, 194
“Trifles Light as Air” by A. Leo Oberdorfer, 62-63
Truman Administration, 65
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 112
Tweed, Harrison, 114
Tydings, Joe, 133
Ukrainian-American Bar Association, 196
Ukrainian-American Bar Association v. Shultz, 695 F.Supp. 33 (D.D.C. 1988), 196-198
Union Station (District of Columbia), 173
United Mine Workers, 65
United States v. Alexander, 755 F.Supp. 448 (D.D.C. 1991), 176-177
United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947), 65-66
United States v. Shurbet, 347 F.2d 103 (5th Cir. 1965) (Water Depletion case), 107-108
University of Alabama, 75, 122, 124-125
University of Maryland, 53
University of Michigan, 26, 38-39
Michigan Law Review, 38-39
University of Virginia, 3, 8, 11-12, 71, 81, 228, 237
U.S. Air Force, 160-162
U.S. Army, 28, 42-59, 102, 150
See also Oberdorfer, Louis F., U.S. Army service
U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 143-144, 147, 155-157, 172-173, 199, 213
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit:
Goldfine v. United States, 268 F.2d 941 (1st Cir. 1959) (Bernard Goldfine case), 105
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit:
Frank, Jerome, 93-94
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit:
Judges:
Bell, Griffin, 108
Grooms, Hobart, 108
A22
Hutcheson, Joseph C., Jr., 108
Water Depletion case (United States v. Shurbet, 347 F.2d 103 (5th Cir. 1965)), 107-108
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit:
Changes in, 146, 164, 177-179
Judges:
Arnold, Thurman, 17, 77, 87
Bazelon, David L., 135
Bork, Robert H., 73
Buckley, James L., 177, 179
Edwards, Harry T., 193
Leventhal, Harold, 178
McGowan, Carl, 178
Sentelle, David B., 179
Vinson, Frederick M., 60, 102
Wald, Patricia M., 93, 179
Wilkey, Malcolm R., 139-140
Wright, J. Skelly, 65, 178
Law clerks, methods of hiring, 179-183
Notable cases:
Fourth Amendment Drug Search cases, 173-177
Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 593 F.Supp. 338 (D.D.C.
1984) (Lockheed Plane Crash cases), 160-166, 190
Hobson v. Wilson, 737 F.2d 1 (D.C.Cir. 1984), 190-194
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union v. Donovan, 733 F.2d 920 (D.C. Cir.
1984), 200-201
Kurtz v. Baker, 829 F.2d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 159, 190
National Organization for Women v. Operation Rescue, 37 F.3d 646 (D.C. Cir. 1994),
166-167, 169, 195-196
Nishnic v. U.S. Department of Justice, 828 F.2d 844 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 194-195
Williams v. Boorstin, 663 F.2d 109 (D.C. Cir. 1980), 138-141, 209-210
Packing of the court, 206
Speedy trial litigation, 144
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, relationship with, 146
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 132
Hohri v. United States, 847 F.2d 779 (Fed.Cir. 1988), 157-158, 190
U.S. Court of Claims, 132
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 138-140, 150-152
Docket changes, 146
Drug cases:
acquittals in, 155-157
court overwhelmed by, 142-144, 146-149, 170-173
judicial criticism of drug searches, 175-177
techniques of drug searches, 173-175
Judges:
Bryant, William B., 203-204
Gesell, Gerhard R., 85, 90, 175-177, 212-213
A23
Green, Joyce Hens, 189
Green, June L., 189
Greene, Harold H., 144, 213
Johnson, Norma Holloway, 189
Jones, William B., 131-132, 141, 160
Robinson, Aubrey E., Jr., 187-188
Sporkin, Stanley, 175-177
Notable cases:
First Amendment cases, 158-159
Fourth Amendment Drug Search cases, 173-177
Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 593 F.Supp. 338
(D.D.C. 1984) (Lockheed Plane Crash cases), 160-166, 190
Hobson v. Wilson, 737 F.2d 1 (D.C. Cir. 1984), 190-194
Hohri v. United States, 847 F.2d 779 (Fed.Cir. 1988), 157-158, 190
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union v. Donovan, 733 F.2d 920
(D.C. Cir. 1984), 200-201
Kurtz v. Baker, 829 F.2d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 159, 190
Lafayette Park Demonstration cases, 158-159
Lyng v. International Union, UAW, 485 U.S. 360 (1988) (Food Stamps for Strikers case),
208-209
McAleer v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 416 F. Supp. 435 (D.D.C. 1976),
212-213
National Organization for Women v. Operation Rescue, 37 F.3d 646 (D.C. Cir. 1994),
166-167, 169, 195-196
Nishnic v. U.S. Department of Justice, 828 F.2d 844 (D.C. Cir. 1987), 194-195
Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224 (1993) (Judge Nixon Impeachment case), 160, 190
Ukrainian-American Bar Association v. Shultz, 695 F.Supp. 33 (D.D.C. 1988), 196-198
United States v. Alexander, 755 F.Supp. 448 (D.D.C. 1991), 176-177
Williams v. Boorstin, 663 F.2d 109 (D.C. Cir. 1980), 138-141, 209-210
Size of court, 142
Speedy trial litigation, 144
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, relationship with, 146
Workload of court, 142-143
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, 178
U.S. Marshals Service, 122
U.S. Navy, 60-61
U.S. Sentencing Commission, 215
Vaihinger, Hans, 16
Vassar College, 1, 82, 227, 236-237
Vermont, 22, 131
Vietnam, 162-166, 190, 193
Vietnam War, 190-194
Demonstrations, 190-191, 193
Orphan plane crash case. See Friends for All Children, Inc. v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp.,
A24
161-162
Vinson, Chief Justice, 60, 102
Virginia, 71, 133, 166-167, 228
Wald, Judge Patricia M., 93, 179
Wallace, George, 61, 112-113, 123, 125
War on Drugs, 176
Washington, D.C. See District of Columbia
Washington, L. M., 10
Washington Post, The, 108
Water depletion case. See U.S. v. Shurbet
Watkins, Bob, 132
Watson, Tom, 17
Weil, Dick, 12-13
Weil, Elizabeth, 12, 40-41, 42, 44-46, 63, 92, 167-168, 178, 199
West Publishing Company, 221
White, Justice, 60-61, 102-103, 110, 121
White House, 112-113, 116, 158
White River Junction, Vermont, 24
Wilkey, Judge Malcolm R., 139-140
Willard, Hotel, 126
Williams and Connolly, 133
Williams v. Boorstin, 663 F.2d 109 (D.C. Cir. 1980), 209-210
Remedy fashioned by L.F.O., 139
Retaliatory firing issue, 138-139, 210
Reversed on appeal, 139-141
Williamsburg, Virginia, 44-45, 214
Williamsburg Inn, 45
Willie Francis case. See Louisiana ex rel Francis v. Resweber
Wilmer and Brown, 109, 126
Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, 38, 109, 125-131, 141, 167, 186
“Alumni list”, 130-131
Growth of firm, 127-131
Management of firm, 128-129
Wilner, Nerwill, 230
Wise, David, 121
Wolfe, Singleton, 106
World Series of 1941, 42
World War I, 52, 105-107
World War II, 11, 42-59, 85, 157
Draft policies, 58
German POW camps, 57-58
Wright, Judge J. Skelly, 65, 178
Württemburg, Bavaria, 79, 223
Yale Law School, 20-22, 25-38, 42, 50, 59-60, 69, 74, 78, 141
A25
Critique of, 34, 36-38
Women and minorities at, 34-35, 37
Yale Law Journal, 21, 25-34, 44, 67, 78
Comment, “Mobilization for Defense: II. Industrial Mobilization,” 50 Yale L.J. 250
(1940) (joint note with Harvard Law Journal and Columbia Law Journal), 30-33
Comparison, 1941 and now, 29
Editor of, 21, 26-29, 44
Note, “Effect of a Criminal Conviction in Subsequent Civil Suits,” 50 Yale L.J. 499
(1941), 31, 33-34
Note, “Immunity from Suit of Foreign Sovereign Instrumentalities and Obligations,”
50 Yale L.J. 1088 (1941), 31, 33-34
Note, “Liability of Reconsignors for Freight Charges,” 49 Yale L.J. 1457 (1940),
29-30, 33
“On Clerkship Selection: A Reply to the Bad Apple,” 101 Yale L.J. 1097 (1992),
179-181
Yale Law School Association, 90
See also Oberdorfer, Louis F., Education
Yale University, 11, 19, 20, 23
Yellowstone National Park, 167-168
York, Sergeant, 105-107
A26