William B. Bryant Index

A-1 INDEX Oral History of Honorable William B. Bryant abortion case, 148-153 ACLU, 217, 226 advance sheet service, 138, 209 affirmative action, 57, 265-266 Afro-American newspapers, 29-30 Aikens, Louis. H., 267 Air Force, U.S. failed integration attempt, 63, 82 Alabama, 1–4, 6, 9, 23-26, Alzheimer’s disease,177 American Civil Liberties Union, 217, 226 American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 74 American Law Institute, 168 Amherst College, 49, 57 Anacostia neighborhood (D.C.), 32, 150 Anderson (“Geechie Charlie”), 154-156 antitrust, 236-237 antiwar demonstration, 225-226 appellate work, 93, 115, 170, 203 oral arguments, 206-208 U.S. Attorney’s Office, 7, 59, 72, 106-112 Aptheker, Herbert Scapegoating, 87 armed forces, 78, 82, all-Black divisions, 85, 99 Black officers, 85 desegregation, 93 information division, 78, 81, 109 medical corps bias, 99-100 orientation branch, 84-86, 92, 269 segregation, 23-26, 29, 41-43, 53, 67, 82, 88, 90, 93-100, 261 separate, unequal service clubs, 88-89 training films, 249 Army, Secretary of the, 83, 86 Atterbury army post, Indiana, 89 automobiles, 12, 19 Aziekuie (Nigerian politician), 19 Bailey, Thomas J., 124-125 Ballou, Frank, 70 A-2 Baltimore Afro-American (newspaper), 29-30 Banneker School, 34 bar associations, 214 segregated, 214 Barth, Alan, 79, 82, 109 Bazelon, David, 93, 122, 135, 163, 166-168, 176-177, 222 criminal justice reform, 244, 261 Mallory dissent, 167-168 Beard, Edward (Buddy), 264-265 Becker, William, 115 Belasco Theaters, 43 Bell, Carlton, 267 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 68 Bethune-Cookman College, 68 bigotry, 78, 87 Bilbo, Theodore, 67, 68 Black, Hugo, 271-272 black-bag jobs, 238-239 Black congressmen, 110-111 Black doctors, 13, 14, 16, 19, 57, 99, 262 abortion case, 149-153 Black education. See school segregation; specific schools and universities Black employment and equal opportunity, 268 Executive Order 8802, 81, 91-92, 267 limited options, 35, 36, 44, 47 male vs. female options, 35, 38, 41, 44 See also federal government employment; Post Office Black judges, 139, 263 Black law firms, 58, 138 Black lawyers, 14-15, 50, 54, 56, 118-119, 129, 138 defense practice, 56, 121 and discrimination, 30, 42 practice in District of Columbia, 118-119 segregated bar associations, 214 U.S. Attorney’s Office, 108 U.S. District Court, 109 Black newspapers, 29-31 Black nightlife, 66 Black Panthers, 238 Black politicians, 41 Blacks and affirmative action, 57, 265-267 and best effort, 145 and bigotry correlated with education level, 78, 82, 87 and breaking barriers, 56-57, 262, 266 A-3 and Brown ruling effects, 67 and changes in race relations, 273 employment limitations. See Black employment fears of white violence, 27, 77 inspirational national figures, 41 and integration side effects, 67 and Ivy League schools, 14, 57, 67 and judicial system, 243-244 and juries, 254 leadership, 41, 56-58, 67-68, 79 limited white contacts, 28, 31-32 litigation rights, 56, 58 lynching of, 23-25, 30-31 male professionals, 14, 99, 150, 262, 266 Myrdal study of, 27, 46, 74-75, 79 Negro Year Book, 30 police and fire department, 31-32 and political parties, 76 and protest movements, 40, 75, 80, 81, 87 and quotas, 44, 267 and racial pride, 34, 42 and resentment, 13, 40, 58, 90, 100, 274 and scapegoating, 5, 87, 125 school systems. See school segregation, and second-class citizenship, 58 and Southerners vs. Northerners, 88 and U.S. presidential policies, 91 and World War II, 62, 249 in Washington, D.C. See District of Columbia See also desegregation; discrimination; segregation Black teachers, 2, 12, 15-18, 34-35, 40, 42, 45-47, 53-57, 61, 149-52, 253, 262 male Ph.Ds, 41, 45, 47, 68 Blackwell, Joel, 129-131 Blease, Coleman L., 68 Board of Education, D.C., 34 Borders, William, 112 Boston integration violence, 88 Bouchet, Alfred J., 40, 54 Boudin, Kathy, 238 Boudin, Leonard, 240-241 Boyd, William (Willie) (Bryant cousin), 6, 25-27 Boyle, W. A. (Tony), 232, 235 Branton, Wiley, 273 Brennan, William, 169, 244 Brooks, Miss (teacher), 16 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 81 A-4 Brown, Jasper, 181-189 Brown University, 54, 57 Bryan, Benson (Buddy) (father), 6 Bryan, Julia (paternal grandmother), 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 26, 264 Bryan, William (Will) (paternal grandfather), 1, 6 Bryant, Astaire (wife), 2, 20, 49, 65 courtship and marriage, 65-66, 71 social life, 114, 178, 213, 263 Bryant, Chip (son), 117, 141 Bryant, Penny (daughter), 103, 104, 117, 141 Bryant, William B. — Personal: Army commission, 27, 78-80, 82-103 bar exam, 103 birthdate, 4 birthplace, 1 childhood and youth, 4-5, 8-11, 15-29 influential teachers, 15–17, 42, 44, 53-55, 61 move as infant to Washington, D..C., 1-2, 4 only white contacts, 28, 31 children, 103, 104, 117, 141 and civil rights, 56, 67 Dunbar High School, 15 cadet corps, 19-20 graduation, 23, 45 quality of education, 68 social life, 18-21 teachers, 16-17 fear of snakes, 26 fear of South, 24, 27, 36, 77 and childhood traumatic train ride, 24-25 first return as adult, 78 first jobs apartment house elevator operator, 23, 36-38 laborer, 23, 36, 48-49 switchboard operator, 49, 73 Garnett-Patterson Grade School, 15-16 and GI Bill, 103, 104 grandparents (maternal). See Wood, Charles; Wood, Elizabeth grandparents (paternal), 1–2, 6-7 great-grandparents (maternal), 1-3 Howard University, 38-40, 44-47 political science major, 44 ROTC, 99 self-financing, 45 Howard University Law School, 39-40, 47-50 administration and faculty, 53-57 A-5 classmates, 39, 78, 99 graduation, 47, 54 marriage during, 49, 71 and scholarships, 48, 49, 50, 61, 66 inspirational national figures, 41-42 lack of bitterness, 100 marriage, 49, 66, 70, 71-72 and segregation, 22-26, 29-50, 63, 67 social life, 18-21, 208, 213 stepfather, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, 25, 29, 30 vacation, 137, 254, 314 and weekends, 117, 147 wife. See Bryant, Astaire Bryant, William B. — Professional: affirmative action, 57, 265-266 annual salaries, 210, 212 and appeals, 118, 166, 174-175, 203, 206, 207, 208, 232, 237, 243 Bunche research assistant, 74-77, 87, 103 and death penalty, 121, 123, 132-135, 202 on diversity, 270, 274 on equal opportunity, 268-270 focus on facts, 151, 155, 165, 184, 192, 193, 196, 202, 246 on judges, 124-129 and juries, 190, 198-199, 223, 254 on lawyers and law, 14, 51 case preparation, 116, 117, 204 cross-examination, 155-156 objections, 196-198, 242 use of notes, 205-207 witness testimony, 117, 120, 121, 136, 137, 150, 192-193, 202-206 love of law, 140, 178, 203 Office of Strategic Services, 46, 79, 83 Office of War Information, 78, 81-82 private practice, 103, 117, 123, 143-181 abortion case, 148-149 case in South, 181-189 court appointments, 107 Daddy Grace estate settlement case, 145-146, 212 decision to leave U.S. Attorney’s Office, 131 dislike of divorce cases, 13, 215 dislike of drug cases, 179-180 favorite case, 159-164 and fees, 145, 148, 180, 211 high-profile cases, 128, 147, 148, 159, 164, 167, 170, 176 and Houston firm, 144 and keeping up with slip opinions, 141, 209 A-6 Killough case, 96, 148, 170-178, 222 Mallory case, 133-135, 141, 148, 159, 165, 167-168, 170-172, 203-204, 211, 221, 231, 244 Municipal Court case assignments, 143 and partners, 176-177, 216. See also Gardner, William police conspiracy case, 154-159 reputation, 146-147, 176, 209, 210, 211, 221-222 trial preparation, 116, 204 U.S. District Court case assignments, 135-136 and Supreme Court argument, 129-130, 203 and trial work, 114-118, 121, 136, 192-193 U.S. Attorney’s Office, 124-131 decision to leave for private practice, 131 memorable events, 140, 223 and police work, 256-257, 267 political clearance, 107-111 respectful treatment, 125-126 trial section, 114-115, 136, 163 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia judge, 135, 145, 214-215 appointment, 214-216 attraction to job, 221 Campbell as longest-running case, 224-227 and D.C. jail visit, 228-231 Dellums as most worrisome case, 225-226 longest trial, 232-233 salary, 212 Bryant, Willie (musician), 66 Bull Durham tobacco, 204 Bunche, Jane, 102 Bunche, Ralph, 44-47, 52, 60, 69, 75, 101-103 Howard Law School faculty, 45-46, 60 Myrdal project, 27, 74, 184 personality, 76 United Nations, 101 Burger, Warren E., 96, 175-178 Carter-Goldstein doctrine, 172-174 Burkes, Colonel, 74, 92-93, 269 Burnett, Jack, 155, 159, 180 Byrnes, James F., 101 Calloway, Cab, 66 Camp Shanks, N.Y., 85-86 Camp Wood, Tex., 97-98 capital cases. See death penalty Capital Transit Co., 98 Capone gang, 249 Caputy, Victor W., 115, 132, 152, 153 A-7 Carter-Goldstein doctrine, 172-175 Central High School (D.C.), 37, 68 Chicago, 7, 53, 76, 110, 249 Chicago Defender (newspaper), 29 civil rights movement: early organizations, 56-57 goal of, 67 litigation, 226 Selma march (1965), 101 and voting rights, 225 See also equal opportunity Civil Service Commission, 73 Clark, Ramsey, 239 Clinton, Bill, 270-273 Cobb, Montague, 142 Cobb, Howard & Hayes, 66 Cobb, Howard, Hayes & Windsor, 54, 142 Cohen (law clerk), 141 Cohn, Roy, 127-128 Committee of Admissions and Grievances, 214 Communist issue, 75, 178, 235 confessions, 130, 165-166, 168, 172, 175 Congress, U.S, 225, 238, 272 Black member, 110 and racism, 68 Congressional Record, 68 Conliff, John C., 129 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., 23, 36-38 Corrections Department. See D.C. jail Cox, Archibald, 69 Cox, Lieutenant (police pickpocket squad), 61 criminal justice system, 122, 243-244 changes in defense bar, 261-262 felony cases, 106, 109, 228 increase in violence, 249-250 purpose of, 230-231 and threatening behavior, 248 25-case rule, 197 See also defendant’s rights; judges; juries; legal counsel Cullinane (Supreme Court deputy clerk), 169 Curran, Edward M., 124, 197 Cutler, Lloyd, 217 Daddy Grace, 145-146, 212 Dailey, Captain (homicide squad), 172-173 Daley, Miss (sixth-grade teacher), 16-17 A-8 Danaher, John A., 76, 175, 178 Danville, Va., 24-25 Dartmouth University, 57 Davis, Christine, 110 Dawson, William L., 110-111 D.C. See District of Columbia D.C. Attorney’s Office. See U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia D.C. Bar, 118, 214 D.C. Circuit. See U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit D.C. District Court. See U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia D.C. Domestic Relations Court, 215-216, 221, 223 D.C. jail, 172-173, 227-232 riot, 228 D.C. Municipal Court. See Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia death penalty, 121, 132-135, 166, 202 Mallory defense, 134, 135, 204 and rape, 123, 132, 166 defendant’s rights, 122, 172 and confessions, 130, 165, 166, 174, 175 and interrogation without legal counsel, 130, 259 Miranda ruling, 265 Public Defender Service, 228, 261 Defense Department. See Pentagon Dellums, Ronald V. (Ron), 225 Democratic Party, 76, 109, 118 department store segregation, 40-41 De Priest, Oscar, 110 desegregation, 88, 93, 181 armed forces, 82, 89-94 Brown ruling, 67, 141-142, 181 D.C. bar review, 103-104 impact of Court rulings, 67, 274 Office of War Information, 78 resistance, 63, 75 vs. social intermingling, 67, 98 Detroit, 13-15, 39, 114, 213, 263 discrimination, 30, 42-43, 56, 58, 62, 67, 145, 267, 270 and Black employment options, 35, 36, 38, 41, 44, 47, 81, 91-92, 267, 268 as demeaning, 62 elimination campaign, 72, 270 from ignorance, 63 as inconvenient, 43, 62 reverse, 269-270 and scapegoating, 87, 125 See also segregation District of Columbia, 11, 13, 42, 43-44, 66-69, 103, 114, 118, 131, 132-133, 146, 166, 185-186, A-9 247, 254 ACLU chapter, 217 antiwar demonstration, 225 bar exam, 103, 214, 220 bar review, 103-104 Black employment options, 35, 36, 38, 41, 44, 47, 81, 91-92, 267, 268 Black high-quality school system, 16-17 Black lawyers and law firms, 14, 54, 56, 108, 118, 119, 129, 138, 145-146 Black movie theaters, 21, 23, 33, 43, 66, 67 Black nightlife, 66 Black sections, 28, 31-34 changes in Black opportunities, 261 commission government, 34, 70, 208 Committee for Arrest and Investigations, 217 crime, 32, 106, 112, 119, 215, 227, 243, 252, 258, 260 death penalty cases, 121, 123, 132-135, 202 Domestic Relations Court, 215-216, 221, 223 fire departments, 32-33 generational poverty, 250 jail. See D.C. jail NAACP chapter, 42 newspapers, 29-31 police. See police; Park Police school board, 34 streetcars, 11 See also Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia; U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia; U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia diversity, 270, 274 divorce cases, 109, 145, 149, 178, 215 doctors. See Black doctors domestic relations cases 215-216, 221, 223 Donovan, William (Wild Bill), 46, 79 Dorsey, Emmett, 44, 46 drugs, 179, 199, 227, 232, 245 cases, 214–15, 238–39, 306 community effects of, 250 decriminalization of, 250, 252-253 and violence, 252 Du Bois, W. E. B., 41-42, 56, 57 Dunbar High School, 15-21, 23, 45, 68 Duncan, Charles T., 31, 68, 175 Durham, N.C., 181, 184 Dwyer, John and Jean, 125 Dykes, Dr. (Dunbar English teacher), 16 A-10 Edgerton, Henry W., 244 Edwards, Carlton, 103 Edwards, John, 13 eighteen-year-old vote, 225 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 85, 113, 114. 263 Ellington, Duke, 66 employment options. See Black employment entertainment: Black exclusion from cultural events, 43 Black movie theaters, 21-23, 66 Black performers, 66 entrapment, 155, 158, 193-196 equal opportunity, 44, 68, 78, 261 and affirmative action, 266-267 and armed forces desegregation, 82, 89-94 and public funding, 268 and quotas, 267-268 See also civil rights movement Erlich, Myron, 159 evidence, 122-123, 133-134, 155-156 suppression of, 175 Executive Order 8802, 81-82, 91-92, 267 literal implementation of, 91 Fahy, Charles, 91, 93, 94-96, 122, 175-178, 244 Fay, George Morris, 108, 111-114, 263 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 81, 111, 122, 156, 182, 224, 238-239, 248, 258 Federal City College Board, 217 federal government employment, 91, barriers for Blacks, 262 Black messenger jobs, 12, 35, 174, 262 and Executive Order 8802, 81-82, 92, 267, 269 female stenographic pool, 91-92, 268-269 Federal Public Defender Service, 261 Feeley, Joseph, 115 Feinstein, Diane, 220 felony cases, 106, 109, 135, 144 Felt, W. Mark, 239, Fennell, Edward O., 115, 118 Fisher (defendant), 60, 133 Fitzgerald, A. Ernest, 237 Fitzgerald, Ella, 66 Flannery, Thomas A., 115 football antitrust case, 236 44th Infantry Division, 89 Fortas, Abe, 217-218 A-11 Fort Devens, Mass., 85, 86 Fort Dupont golf course, 34 Fort Lewis, Wash. state, 88-89 Frankfurter, Felix, 141, 168, 169, 244 Freedmen’s Hospital, 14 Friesen, Ernest C., 220-221 gambling, 107, 149, 153, conspiracy charges, 154-159 numbers racket, 147, 193-195 gangs, 249 Gardner, William (Bill), 126, 138, 139, 167, 176, 177, 207-208, 216 assets as lawyer, 140 and Saturday sitting-down day, 141, 209 Garfinckel’s (department store), 12, 40 Garnett-Patterson Grade School, 15-16 Gasch, Oliver, 220-221 Gaynor (defendant), 126-127 Georgetown University Prettyman Fellowship, 244, 261 Gettings, Brian, 239-240 GI Bill of Rights, 103-104 Gibson, Truman, 64 Gillespie, Joe, 111 Glendon, William, 115 Glidden Paint, 46 golf courses (segregated), 34 government jobs. See federal government employment; Post Office Government Printing Office, 35 grand jury, 114-115, 127, 136, 263-265 Great Depression, 47, 71, 267, 271 Great Society, 273 Greenberg, Jack, 67, 181, 189, 209 Gregory, Monroe, 148-152 guns, 4, 183, 248 Haines Point golf course, 34 Hamptman, Al, 115 Hampton, Lionel, 66 Hardy, Kenneth, 228 Harper’s magazine, 67 Harris, Abe, 52 Harrison, Anne (Nancy), 217 Harrison, Gilbert A., 217 Harrison, Matthew, 159-160 Hart, George L., Jr., 95, 146 A-12 Harvard University, 42, 44, 49, 52, 57, 61 Harvard University Law School, 53, 54, 57, 58, 138 Hastie, William H., 53, 54, 61-65, 82-83, 96-97, 139 appointment to Third Circuit, 65 and Howard Law School faculty, 53 Hastings, Alcee L., 112 Hawthorne, Edward, 78 Hayes, George, 54, 118, 142, 155, 158-159, 180, 197 Hayne (political boss), 76 hearsay, 197 Hecht’s (department store), 41 Heflin, Howell T., 67 Heflin, James Thomas (“Cotton Tom”), 67-68 heroin, 179 Hiawatha Theater, 21 Hickey, J. Patrick (Pat), 228, 230 Hill, Oliver, 53, 60 Hit, William (Billy), 115 Hitler, Adolf, 62, 80 Hoffman, Abbie, 238 Holder, Eric, 201 Holtzoff, Alexander: and Bryant, 122-123, 126-129, 134, 166-167 judicial approach, 120 and Mallory death charge, 122-123, 134 personality, 119, 122, 197 Hoover, Herbert, 58 Hoover, J. Edgar, 47, 238 Horne, Lena, 66 Horsky, Charles, 217 hotel discrimination, 43 Houston, Charles H., 16, 49, 53, 54, 55, 57, 61, 104, 105, 137, 142, 144, 262 death of, 126, 138 and death penalty case, 133 Ivy League schooling, 52, 138 law library, 138 personality, 72–74 refusal of Bryant internship bid, 104 Houston, Cloteil, 16 Houston, Ms. (fifth-grade teacher), 57 Houston, Theophilous, 57 Houston, William L., 57 Houston & Gardner, 124 Houston & Houston, 124 Houston, Bryant & Gardner, 211 Houston, Houston, Hasting & Waddy, 64 A-13 Houston, Houston & Hastie, 64 Howard, Andrew, 108 Howard, Joseph, 115, 118 Howard, Perry W., 142 Howard Theater, 21, 66 Howard University, 14, 32, 38-20 all-Black student body, 40 quality Black faculty, 44 ROTC, 20, 99 Howard University Law School, 39, 47-50, 52-61, 65, 69, 70, 74, 139-140, 184, 262 graduates’ law practices, 258 white faculty member, 40 Howard University Medical School, 12, 14 Humphrey, Hubert, 273 hung jury, 198, 199, 201, 254 Hyde Park (London), 227 Indian sovereignty case, 225, 237 insanity defense: jury nullification, 198, 201 and sentencing, 60, 133, 163, 198, 209 integration. See desegregation Irelan, Charles, 114-115 Italian POWs, 89 Ivy League schools, 14, 57, 67 Jackson, “Boozo,” 154 Jackson, James, 75 Jackson, Mr. (Dunbar teacher), 16 Jefferson, Bernard, 54 Jennings Miss (Black secretary), 92, 269 Jews, 37 Jim Crow. See segregation Jim Yellow, 179 Johnson, Lyndon, 68, 109, 271 and equal rights, 272-273 Potomac yacht trip, 218-220 Johnson, Mordecai, 45, 52, 53 Johnson Publications, 30 Jones, Russ, 89 Jordan, Vernon, 270 Joseph, Todd, 237 judges, 95, 113, 117, 121, 122, 124, 139, 144 Black, 119, 263 dealing with lawyers, 223-224 judgment of juries vs., 190 A-14 lack of varied human experience, 191, 258 and police cross-examination, 244 slip opinions, 141, 163, 209 Julian, Percy, 46 juries, 123, 132, 184, 193-197, 202 acquittals, 254, 257 Black, 199, 241, 242, 254, 257 and closing argument, 207 collective years of experience, 259-260 death penalty verdict, 121, 123, 132-135, 202 effectiveness of system, 190-191 hung, 198-199 and lawyer’s objections, 196-197 and “not guilty by reason of insanity” sentence, 60, 133, 163, 198, 209 nullifications, 198-201 selection of, 121, 191-192 Justice Department, 127-128, 215, 232, 239 Juvenile Court, 216 Kann’s (department store), 12, 41 Keech, Richmond, 124-125, 163-164, 209 Kennedy, John F., 215 assassination, 274 Kennedy, Robert F., 215 Killough, Goldie, 204–5, 207 Killough, James W., 170-173 King, Bernie, 154 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 101 Knickerbocker Theater roof cave-in, 21-22, 33 Kronheim, Milton S., 222 Ku Klux Klan, 222 Labor Department, 234-235 labor unions, 50, 59, 75, 232-233 Lafayette Park, 227 La Guardia, Fiorello H., 81 Langston Golf Course, 34 Lansburgh’s (department store), 41 Lattimore, Owen, 128 law clerks, 141, 256 law enforcement. See police law library, 104, 138 Laws, Bolitha J., 124 Layton, Captain (police), 155-156, 195 LeDroit Park neighborhood (D.C.), 32, 34 A-15 legal counsel, 243 Court-ruled right to, 244 improved quality of, 247 judge’s advantage over, 237, 264 public defenders, 261 See also Black lawyers Legal Defense Fund. See NAACP Legal Defense fund Leonard, Paul, 115 Leonard, Tom, 118 Letts, F. Dickinson, 132 Lewis, Clarence, 99 Lewis, C. O. (Dunbar teacher), 16 Lewis & Thomas Salz (haberdashery), 179 liars, 264-265 short memories of, 316 Library of Congress Annex, 83 Lincoln Theater, 21 Lincoln University, 36, 140 Lonesome, William, 55 Lutts (police inspector), 154-155, 195 Lyman, Mrs. (courtroom clerk), 163-164 lynching, 23-25, 30-31 Lyon, Dick, 37, 68 Lyon, Flora, 37 Lyon, Simon K., 37 MacKinnon, George E., 237 Mallory, Andrew: confession, 164-166 and death penalty, 122-123, 134, 135, 204 March on Washington (1941 plan), 80, 265 marijuana, 177 Marine Corps, 93 Marshall, Thurgood, 52, 54, 138, 187 Masonic Temple Building, 213 master race ideology, 61, 85 Matthews, Burnita S., 155-156, 191-192 McBryde, Annice, 138 McCarthy, Joseph, 127-128 McClellan, John L., 235-236 McGarraghy, Joseph C., 264-265 McGuire, Matthew F., 123, 195 McKenzie, T. Emmett, 161, 164 McKinley, William, 113 McLaughlin, Arthur, 120-121, 163, 197 McNamara, Martin, 117 A-16 McNeil, Dr. (Dunbar teacher), 15 McSurely, Alan and Margaret, 235 media. See newspapers; television Meenes, Max, 40 Meister, Richard, 246 Metropolitan Police Department, 226 See also police military. See armed forces Miller, Dorie, 223 Miller, Edward S., 239 Miner Teachers College, 12, 33, 148 Mine Workers’ case, 222, 230-232 Miranda rights, 172 Mitchell, Curtis, 157, 178, 192, 195 Modisette, Welton M., 89-90 Monroe, Captain (police), 89, 176 Moran, Ethel, 57 Morgan College, 35 Morris, James, 123 Morrow, E. Frederick (Fred), 84 movie theaters, 21, 84, 210 Moyers, Bill, 219 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 220 Municipal Court for the District of Columbia, 58, 103-105, 127, 140, 142 Black judges, 261 felony cases, 143, 225 Office of U.S. Attorney, 134 quality of appointed counsel, 242 trial section, 113-114, 117, 135, 262 murder, 158–60, 191–98, 204–5 first-degree, 132-133, 171-172 Park policeman charge, 158-163, 194, 196 second-degree, 172 Murray’s Casino (U Street), 213 Myrdal Gunnar American Dilemma (Blacks in America study), 32, 56, 89–96, 151, 219 NAACP, 42, 58, 75, 98, 181, 185, 190, 218 NAACP Legal Defense Fund, 56, 64 Nash, Philleo, 82, 109-111 National Bar Association, 214 National Football League, 236 National Negro Congress, 75 National Postal Alliance of Postal Workers, 50 National Rifle Association, 183 Navy, 12 A-17 Navy Department, 9, 35, 62 Negro Year Book, The, 30 Newman, Theodore R., 139 New Negro Alliance, 75 New Republic magazine, 217 newspapers, 29-31 New York Times, 234-235 Niagara Movement, 42 92nd Infantry Division, 63, 85 93rd Infantry Division, 63, 85 Nixon, Richard M., 224-226, 239 Noble, Nathan and Nettie (Bryant great-grandparents), 1-2 no-knock cases, 259 North Africa, 79, 101 Northeast Washington, 14, 32, 249 Northfield Mount Herman School, 69 Northwest Washington, 32, 69 Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 210-211 nullifications, 198, 201 numbers racket, 107, 119, 147, 153, 154, 193-195, 259 Nyabonga (Ethiopian student), 39 Oberdorfer, Louis F., 208 Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 46, 79, 83 Office of U.S. Attorney. See U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia Office of War Information (OWI), 78-82 Bureau of intelligence, 82, 109 organized crime, 13, 249 Osborn, Alex F., 82, 92 Parker, Barrington, 159-164 Park Police, 159-164, 196, 198 patronage, 110 Patterson, Frederick D., 63 Patton, George F., 97 Patton, Boggs & Blow, 228 Peake, William L., 231-232 Pearson, Drew, 236 Pennington, Cap (Bryant great-grandfather), 3–4, 9, 11 Pennsylvania, 36, 108, 138, 140, 171, 232 Pentagon, 62-63, 84, 91-92, 96-97 Black employment, 92 integrated facilities, 98 secretarial pool, 91-92 Special Services Division, 92 perjury, 137 A-18 Perkins, Frank, 46 Pershing, John J., 37-38 Petersen, Frank E., 94 Petworth neighborhood (D.C.), 32 Pittsburgh Courier (newspaper), 29 police, 31-32,136, 137 and antiwar protest violence, 225 bribery charge, 159, 194 conspiracy charges, 154, 159, 178, 193 corruption, 153 narcotics squad, 179, 245 See also Park Police political bosses, 76 porters, 9, 25, 81 Post Office, 35, 50, 139-140, 266 employment discrimination suit, 267 integration, 268 poverty, 129 Powell, James M., 225-226 prejudice, 63, 91, 101 presidents, U.S. race relations, 274 Prettyman Fellowship, 244, 261 Prohibition, 249 protests anti-Vietnam War, 225 Black rights, 75, 80, 87, 98 public accommodations, 43 Public Defender Service, 228, 261 public interest law, 56 Quantico Marine Base, Va., 94 quotas, 267 racism, 26-27, 68, 87 and bigotry, 78, 82, 87 See also discrimination; segregation railroads. See train travel Randolph, A.. Philip, 81, 267 rape cases, 123, 130, 165, 167 death penalty, 132, 166 Rauh, Joseph (Joe), 189, 232, 234, 235 Reagan, Ronald, 240 Redskins (professional football), 236 Reed, Vincent E., 69 Reeves, Frank, 140-142, 215 A-19 Republican Party, 7, 76, 85, 118, 119, 128, 129, 130, 142 Republic Theater, 21 Reson (assistant attorney general), 214-216 restaurant segregation, 88 reverse discrimination, 269-270 Rezneck, Bennie, 28 Rezneck, Betty, 28 Rezneck, Danial A., 141 Rezneck, Harold, 28 Richardson, Scovel, 55, 78 Robb, Roger, 208 Roberts, James (Jim Yellow), 179 Robinson, Aubrey, 216 Robinson, Jackie, 97 Robinson, Spottswood, 60, 139, 142 Rock Creek golf course, 34 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 68, 81, 267 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 80-81, 91, 118, 267, 271 Rosen, Sol Z., 208 ROTC, 20, 99 Rover, Leo, 118, 125, 128-131, 212 St. Anthony’s High School, 141 St. John’s High School, 141 St. Louis, Mo., 69 Sanford, Edward, 37 scapegoating, , 5, 87, 125 school segregation, 23, 34, 43, 53, 69 and Black teachers, 35 Court-mandated integration, 67 desegregation resistance, 88 Schweinhaut, Henry A., 124 Scott, Alfred, 105 Scott, Armond W., 104, 105, 263 Scott, Robert, 106 search and seizure, 193 segregation, 22-23, 26, 29, 31-34, 40-43, 53, 69, 90, 100, 261, 262 armed forces, 63, 82, 85, 93-94, 96, 97-99 bar associations, 214 bar review courses, 103 and Court rulings, 67, 68, 81, 168–69 department stores, 40-41 movie theaters, 43 public accommodations, 43 recreation facilities, 34 train travel, 24 A-20 in Washington, D.C.. See under District of Columbia Selma to Montgomery march (1965), 101 Sequoia (presidential yacht), 218-219 Sewell, William Clifford (Bryant cousin), 6 Shippen, Clara, 20 Short, Robert, 106 Simon, Ed, 65 Simpkins, Roger (White Top), 154, 158 Simpson, O. J., 158, 201, 246 Sirica, John, 124, 205 Sissle, Noble, 66 slave revolts, 75 slip opinions, 141, 163, 209 Smith, James McCoy (Yazoo), 237 Smith, Robert (pseudonym), 160 Smith (“White Smittey”), 154 Smithson, Frederick G., 121, 258 social intermingling desegregation vs., 67, 98 South Black Republicans, 142 Bryant fear of, 23-24 closed Democratic primary, 76 mob violence, 23 Myrdal project research, 27, 46, 74-75, 79 travel segregation, 24-25 Southwest Washington, 32-33 Squires Grill, 113 State Department, 35, 46 State, War & Navy Department, 9, 35, 62 Stimson, Henry, 63, 83 Stoney, George, 75-76 streetcars, 11 Sullivan, Emmet G., 139 Supreme Court, U.S., 59, 60, 122, 124, 139-141, 163 argument before, 168-169 capital case, 166 change in composition, 244 confessions doctrine, 172-174 defendant’s rights, 122 employment discrimination, 267 justices, 37, 139, 169, 244 law clerks, 141 unanimous school desegregation ruling, 140-141 Supreme Court Reports slip opinions, 138 A-21 Sutherland, George, 37 swimming pool segregation, 34 Tamm, Edward A., 258 Tapscott (Black mounted policeman), 31 Tatel, David S., 270 Taylor, Sergeant (police), 153, 154, 178 teachers. See Black teachers television, 17, 18, 19, 67, 153, 249, 252 Terrell, Robert H., 263 Thant, U, 101 32nd Regiment, 63 Thurman, Rob, 154-158, 194-196 Titus, Harold H., Jr., 115 Tobacco Workers Union, 75, 77 Towles, Barbara, 156, 195 train travel, 24 Jim Crow car, 24-25 Traxel, Edward, 157, 205 Treasury Department, 35 Truman, Harry, 82, 109, 114, 118 armed forces desegregation order, 94 Turner, Nat, 75 Tuskegee Air Force Unit, 36, 83 Tuskegee Institute, 63 Tyson, Pete, 55 United House of Prayer, 145-146 United Mine Workers, 222, 230-232 United Nations, 46, 101, 102 University of Chicago Law School, 53 University of Iowa, 69 University of Madrid, 49, 53 University of Pennsylvania, 53 University of South Carolina, 75, 76 Urban League, 75, 98, 218 U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia, 113, 118, 126 appellate section, 115, 117, 260 Criminal Division, 115, 260 death penalty case, 132 grand jury division, 114 and hung juries, 254 and political appointments, 110, 271 trial section, 114-116, 118, 136, 263 U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 128, 135, 166, 174, 175, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 226, 232, 236, 237, 240 A-22 judges, 122. See also Bazelon, David; Fahy, Charles Killough en banc, 177 Mallory dissent, 166 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 157 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, 65 U.S. District Court building, 108 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 109, 128, 135, 144, 145, 215, 221 Campbell case as longest running, 227 case types, 215 judges Bryant as first Black appointee, 214 Usery, W. J., Jr., 234 U.S. military. See armed forces U.S. Post Office. See Post Office U.S. Supreme Court. See Supreme Court, U.S. Valenti, Jack, 109, 218 Vaughn index, 227 Vietnam War, 219, 272, 273 antiwar demonstration, 225 violence causes of, 248-249 racial, 30, 77 Virginia, Pentagon, 62, 63 Tobacco Workers Union, 75, 77 Virgin Islands, 39, 65 voir dire, 121, 191 voting age, 225 Voting Rights Act (1965), 272 Voting Rights Commission, 272 Waddy, Joseph C., 104-105, 124, 126, 137, 139, 140, 176, 216 and Domestic Relations Court, 216 Wald, Pat, 37 Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 130 War Department, 80, 84 See also Pentagon Warner, Jack, 115 warrantless search, 238, 239 Warren, Earl, 169, 172, 272 Warren, Francis, 37 Washington, Alberta Wood Bryan (Bryant mother), 3, 4, 6, 10, 15, 17, 23, 25, 26 remarriage, 8, 9 Washington, Booker T., 41 Washington, D.C. See District of Columbia A-23 Washington, George S. (Bryant stepfather), 8, 9, 10, 15, 23, 25, 29 Washington, George T. (judge), 93, 122, 244 Washington Cathedral, 60, 133 Washington Daily News, 29 Washington Evening Star, 29, 30 Washington Post, 29, 69 Washington Railway & Electric Co., 11 Washington Times Herald, 29 Weather Underground, 238 West Africa, 79 West Publishing Co., 138, 225 Wetumpka, Ala., 1 whistleblower case, 224, 237 White House sidewalk, 227 White House tapes,225-227 White Top, 154, 180 White Tower chain, 41 Whitt, Chauncey, 179, 195 Whittaker, Charles Evans, 169 “Why we fight” orientation, 85-89 Wilkerson, Doxey, 70, 74 Wilkey, Malcolm, 237 Wilkins, Roy, 218 Williams, Henrietta (Mrs. Charles Houston), 59 Williams, Wesley, 105-108, 112-113, 116, 119, 143-144 Williams & Connolly, 233 Wilson, Jerry, 226 Wilson, Warren, 113-114 Wilson Teachers College, 34 Winsborough, Rob, 92, 269 Winston, John (Lefty), 154-156, 165, 195 witnesses, 116, 117, 120-122, 127, 136, 149-150, 153, 156, 173, 184, 199-206, 231, 233, 239, 246-247 police as, 137, 245, 256 women: Black government secretaries, 91, 269 Black teachers, 12-17 Wood, Ada (Bryant aunt), 12 Wood, Alberta. See Washington, Alberta Wood Bryan Wood, Charles (Bryant maternal grandfather), 1, 3, 8-10, 23, 25, 30, 50-51, 88 children, 3, 5 escape from Alabama mob, 5, 23 on liars, 262, 264 messenger job, 35 Washington, D.C., home, 10–11, 12–13, 14 Wood, Elizabeth (Bryant maternal grandmother), 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 13 A-24 on liars’ short memory, 264 Wood, Emma (Bryant aunt), 4, 12 Wood, Josephine (Bryant aunt), 4, 12, 14, 15 marriage to John Edwards, 12, 13 Wood, Nettie (Elizabeth) (Bryant aunt), 4, 12 Woods, Jewel, 156, 195 Woodward & Lothrop (department store), 40-41, 160, 165 World War I, 12, 38, 59, 60 World War II, 62, 249 African campaign, 79 Black employment, 81 film uses, 249 race discrimination, 89-90, 99 “Why we fight” orientation, 85-89 Wright, J. Skelly, 175, 177 Wyatt, Colonel, 85 Yablonski, Chip, 232-233 Yablonski, Joseph A., 232 Young, Whitney, 218-219 Youngdahl, Luther, 128, 174