Charles Fahy Office of the Assistant Solicitor General

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Omirob. ‘lbere v•r• pleaeant ge.tb.eriaga IIOV and , .. of loe ‘• eel Leo’•
tallilt••• aa4 ot t:rl-4•• 014 and new. !he taailt.ar faa117 toaat •• •• …
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,tma’il at ahn•t••• a, one or tba o\heio ••• Jo1M4 wi \h o•h•r• at ..’ “lir’• or vWN••r \her lllgh\ \e. Aabi’o•• and hie fullt were vi.th•• at , …
a.ad. other ‘1•••• One Ohrietu, our good. trtem• the lell7• tna Saata 7e
were at 3’100. aJM’l the7 or a..th larker (Alexander) were with •• oU.aer ti••·
hke and Albert atoppecl on their lev York \ripe, u4 now and then there wae
a YitU wt.th Ju.ie, Sarah, er -‘ca•• s .• here, ta•- or ta lew York. Q4
of oour•• ua\U Id.a au,11 ve wo1114 ue Aca••• fa\ller, Mr. J.aae, aa4 Ml’
slthn Margaret an4 h1t\l”li4•• ud her ‘bNtlier fo-. Dr. o•»o–11, \lMt
Rl’buA of Oertnd.•, tffk po4 oar• ot tao olatUN•• and at UM• ot u. 1
•• Titl7 tou of Kr. l.aa•, oae ot \1M flat•\ charaoter• J haw knova, a
\NlJ ,ood. maa. Jb-1. Lan.•• Agne•’ aotber, ha.cl pre4eo••e4 hilt la 1937. a
lo•elT pereoa, WI’\? exnplar of the fine lritll tulli•• to aq of whoa
he.cl lf.Ted 1.a St. Ale7t1’11t Parlth. A\ ‘he Hae of her death ‘1• tudl7 l»u
fo:r 10•• ‘1•• -4 , … oa laloraa lloa4.
l uaUoa too· ,-. illoM \oDA which 4••eloJHl4 htw.•?o• u4 • avtac
•••• T•”•• lit ‘brotari, -.paatoaa!d.p aeaa• a pat tr.-?l \o •?
a, ncolleottoa lt \lat l •• flnt appnaaW ‘b7 fo• CoNel’llll oa la.­
lalt of Jackeoa a’b011.t beooaac Aeds\aat lolt.o11ol” Oeaeral. •· haaot.•
114.ll• •• Sol1ol tor Geaeral •
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.}fhe ·otfio. w.e tn·•ted 4v1nc •he Attomer Geaeralsblp of Boa.er Cq…
aiACt+ UnUl tlaea ,iu. So11oltor General bad had. a great 4eal ct re-,eu1• ??- . · …
bllt\,: .• f’•r drafUn.c u4 rmewt.ac oplaioa• ‘• lt• .,..red b7 Uie Atton-,
-.,:·,
Geaenl. .. · ? oplaloaa wen clelayed beca11•e \he Solle! tor Gea.,ral P•• -p’l”..-
oeAeaoe lo hie 1peola1 nepoaelblll\7 for the OOIMblot of the go’f”e1″JIIUll”•
11 ,1,-uoa in \he &up:r … Oou,. In order to tree bla more full7 tor \hia
aJMl at tu saae u .. to espe41te \he or,laiona of the Attor••1′ O•nei-al. th•
effl.? of 4•-11\aa\ lol1ettor General •• er•\ed to taltt O’Hl’ ,u o-pUl?ll
wen.· Whea ,he Soltol\or Oeaaral •• away 01″ 1.t ,ur• wa• a ftoaA01t the •
Aatt-1aat Sol1c1-.1′ Geural lt•••• aoUag lollottor General. Aa14• trn
thla’.))I.• wric wa• ru.117 tlMlt of u. 4aalatut A,toraq General.
In a441t1oa to dratting oplalea• for the i.t’4,niq General. aa4 ••-rlm-,
tor ·.bia t.boee vhiob. ol’i&luted elaewure ia the Departaen-t. \he oftlc.
pataecl upon exeou.ti Ye oNlen prepared. tor the Pre•14eat. It al90 NTievecl
eeHl•••• of c1Yil lU1pUoa teq1d.d.nc \he appnftl ‘b7 \he .l\torae1
a.en.1.
the oplalo.u of Ille A\tone7 hael’al fer \lie Pnai4a.t u4 bed• ot
».,al’,,..,. ws-e •xteuiYe 4’1riq lhil -peno4 bM&Ue of 11\ff••• aoU.’fit,
ot ?rtoua 4epar••••• of co•en.aeat. Ma-, were tonaal all4 la wrl u.,. . ?
.A.UoTA•7 Gueral “8u14 4eold.e vbioh tbe\114 b• ,.v.’bl:l•••• unall.7 oa J”MO ..
aendation of tne Aaelatut lolioitor Ceaenl. Much lafo.rMl legal tulrice
wa• alao ct-,en b7 tu Attonq General, IIO\ 1atncp1.eatl7 through •? otftce
of Uu, •••11\ant Soltol\or Oaneral. ‘1h. J)Ul41ahe4 o,iatoa• duJ’la, • \eave
•• •••lslaat Soltoi\or hUJ’al. I ‘beUne are la Tel. 40 of ,he Oplaioa• ef
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· . . · . . !he. :t”j..nc ataff -.llbel’ •• lhea •• A. !own••nd. • u. e2:perieaoed aa ot
coff1J..,.ut. a ctepeata’ble aa\ ftl•bl• publ.to ••rraat. !here•• ltr;
h.ri•r• u expert 1:n ctratUu Preddeatial orders. Alaost iJt.Tarial>lJ,
wheti an, depart.eat – or \b.e Vhi\e Bouee — wtehe4 aa exeoutiTe order $0·
be aj,p1’0Tel b7 the A\tonet Getaeral, U would IC> through Mr. h.rtaer• •
nam, at eoae 1tace. an4 tbea through -the Aaelatant 1o11oitor General to
th• ·Attorn• Gueral. the In.ft wo”14 be aooollpUi-4 14th a …,iutlu or ‘
lett•r:, “9 be dpe4 ‘b7 ti!• 1.-.one7 Oueral, a44na1ed t• the PJ’N14.tal,
and eaplaialnc ‘1:ae order, vi th the NCOUelldatioa of ,u .Utoraey hural.
‘!heh •• 111ual.l7 conftltatlea wt th the parttnlar Depamat ceao•nael,
vitll ta• Whit• Bou••• or tu >veau of the 1ha4cet. Mr. 1ovler. who ••
ainae 41ed, wa• alao a ftlued aea’ber of the ctfice. Like Jib-. Burtner. h•
w• a caner aan, at 1••• I 10 ooaeld«red hia. And. there va• Mr. lhtuy.
vbo later •• become a aeabel’ of Ille etatt ot I.he Solicitor Geaeral. Be
tpec1a11se4 in rev1evin« ••Ul … a\s of cenatn. ‘IP•• of oinl liU.p.tiea.
fber• •r• ether• ta and. o•I ot Ike office tr.a ,1 .. to u … at t>a-. a­
o1 … of ,i.e office••• the lone pull – 4V1q-, ao?.:taa.. wl\? 1, –
le •• t •1’8 4eecr1be4 l ,.
I wev.14 llaTe to look baok oftr eo•e of lhe pa-ll•hN opialoa• to cl-ff
beUe1″ :lll••t:raUo•• ot Ille raa&e of work, ‘beCNU11e, Wll••• recapt1lre4 \7
ao■e refretald.J31 of noolleoUoa, 1 \ 1 s h&rd for .. to re .. ‘ber tu 4.•talla.
V• bat nqueeta fn• tht •r l>epar\aeat to• a4no•• 1a view ot the coantol
S.a Im-ope, a• lo what almal could be loau4 •• fnen411′ u.tlou
wlU.rout TlolaU.ac aola of Ooacr•••• Once, beton re-,,oa41n« l ., a tall:
• with Guerel Mar•ba.11 about a particular factual •Uuatton. fh1e wa, the
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t1r•t time l oaae into pertcnal contact vi \h hia. S…-1u1 :,ears la1a,r ,be ·
took ” 1.n hit plue to lfev York when a• Secretary of Stat• he 1l«ae4 tM · ·
Uni \:eel lalion• 8eadqu.rteH Acreemeat en behalf’ of tu United Sta\ee, la •?•
aecot1at1o? ot vhioh I ba4 repr•••ated the tfaUe4 Stai.,.
:.i)ltie office had nque,,e troa departun\a a• to ,:u a\atu• ot men coalnc
into U1e CoTel’XUDent troa prlftt• ooo,apaUon•• vh&t arranc••nh were ooa•
ialeXL’t with the “conflio\ of ia\enat• ttatutea. ‘l’bere were aleo queetioaa
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artit., Wl4er tae Batch Actt • Cl’l••Uo11.1 reprdinc tll• acU..t tlet ot the Po- 1
lUteal Ac>Uoa OoutU•• of the 010, which ‘beoaae ql,1ite coatroyerelal –.t on
U••• ?Uoa• beheea the Depart.ea\ of Agrlcultve aa4 the Depart., of
the Iate:rloi- oTer Jv11141oUon. !baJ’e were latena.tional que•Uon,, ou t.a”f’0
1T1DC \rea.Ues preaorlblnc the load linH ot sblp•. lfbea there veN replaH.
o•• 1UMl.e:r the Seleoth·• leniee aD4 1’ra1nln« .let, u4 4e\a1led and ooa­
plioatecl reculaUon• growlag out of the latiouli t7 Act of 1940.
· ao .. question• u·o•e •• to \he taldng over ot ahtp• of couatrie• llke
X>.a•rk ?oh :bad. been oTerru.n b7 the Iasis. I 4on•t r-…’ber the details.
••u l 4e •• •”7 111 111114 now tb.• de.,11•• ‘but Jackso• alto nqU1ted
m:r opiaioll o• tu ft’bJeet et vi.re ta,,tnc. We wrote a ••FT elaborate l”fflev
ot tt».\ w tl’Joucb,t could or coul.4 not ‘be 4.on• 1n.a14.e •• GoTH’aunt. /: ___ ,_ , M,
reooU..atl♦a h that he &lfflll VS.th. the aeaorand:u•, ooaolu1loa1. and. uae4
11 a• the. bael1 oa 11th.lob he bmalecl \be -problem wtth other 4epan11et•. l
1eai’I … but, •• I r..i.1. lt peraiHed Yire \lq)plac ia a ••rt U.11Ued
aNa? haerall7, uder tbe lav a, it •• at U.iat tl•, we coul.4 not 6••
11 lepl AppNftl. Jut t.bere wat ••• poHible u•• ot 11 aa 1 reoall. We
maie a ca.retul wtucl7 of the eltuation •
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pat1? .• Al>U. po••1la1lU7 \he va1,ec1 Statea wul4 beoe• a belll,:•nat? .,
War J”!i’-!t• •• oll’ea\ei eYea\-117, udei- \he 411″eoloraldp — al ti.oll&’,)t. ll•:
w&a?t:ijl’•\t.,417 aa AHl••aat A.ttoner General – of air., L. M. 0,. (.,l,’,’:
\???.:. :_·,:·_-‘,:’·?-:::::\:>:- . :: .. · ·-
1111.i … of Phtla4elplda. A■a1et1ag lda ••• a poU.07 oOUU, .. oree.ted ‘bJ
tbe ,4UotneT General aa a eor\ ot cl.Mring bouse vhtta. \he diT1a1on aeMe4
b,ollA•r oouul.taUoa or oooperaUon. ta the depart•nt. Ir. Janet, ll. Sa-.;,
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•••??••’ Allorne7 0…-al la ollllrp of \u Olal• Dt.neloa. Mr. WeDllel,1
••-•? -1. .. aa AHi •’–‘ -‘”one7 General, Mr. lill1′!1N fa&, one o,f tlr? .i.
–• llMNr’ • ricbt llaa4 … U4 later • 1e4eral 1>1,,not J’lldge hen, aa4
111-. Jl’WaM J. llmlia, who at t1?•• •• Mr. Saith•• aat1atut, u4 ••elt a•
Ohat•a co-.,naecl the oHaltt••· One ot ou ••9J)Oll•ll»llt•t•• va• the- toim-
1a,tora of plus for the coatnl of ea..,- all•• ln tbe .. u, ot “”‘”• !hit
tnYOl’t’e4 a olaa1lt1oatto• lt7 J.U?rao••• ‘U&l•r Mr. hltll’• npemdoa aa4 our
ceul’&l di reetloa. ia ten, of ,ne 11telihood. or aot of their being clu«eriro.•,
ud thentoNt a1bJeo, ,o 4et•Uea u4er the All•• lae117 .lot. !h11 aa118′
to• •·’.rntw of ….,. f. •· l. fll••·
· .,,… • • ao do•l>’ ,. •••—• and oerwJ.al.7 ti. n.i..r•••• ot l•••t•
………… ,. b• rea47 la -·· ., ….. ·•’1’7 la\o ,_ vu. fhi• — I “PMlt
-panl-.larl.T aow ot ,ia. alln •? pro?•• – llelpeil ••i- la\er ‘PNCf&• ••oet4
wl ,11 a at.aiDIJI of 1AJv7 to the lDOoen,. Mula nfterlag •• &YOld..,.,
l ••Cll•• tu MH eftoaaUoa of penou of l•Pd••• aao••’J’J’ on tbe •••I
Ooa••• wldob •• aot plaaw ‘Mtor• ti.. var “-‘ •• abo•’ a, a renl.t. ot
,he a\tadt at Pearl ••.-. At least, BO pre-wr p1 … for n.ch aa ..,.. …
tioa ?” •4• vlth1n the ».part.ea, ot .ruauoe •
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..!he Ottloe of AHlatant Solicitor Gneral ha4 a alcaitloaat ?l’ or
l•Pl .-a,1oa1 “1 ta reepeot to r-ecu,l.aUo•• of fNlnr,, e9peoiall7 ”°” :
vht?? r??- the approftl of tllle h••14en\ or •f eltaer 4epartaut• llJ.
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aM.?).}?i ? ‘fr•n.17. •• wen la•ol •act \o • 4ecne 111 ,11e pro’bl•• ot ·
eoo?o warfare, aal \lie lectalalloa vldoh •• oaote4 on -prlee coatl’Ol
vu. •l••••ed wUb u. Naq 4eparlJMnl• one to •• abo,il a par\tcnal.ar llilalter
the7 wer• bandllnc, or pnpanac \o handle, for aA’rioe as to wb&\ oeu.14
‘fal.1:41,7 l>• 4o••• if nMil be, ooaaielenU7 wt ,h 4u prou1• of law or ot.r
P•Mt, .,,,.. 1a,, •
.. to \he relaUouhlp of the hec’1UTe bnaoh of the CO’NJ’JUNllt villa
Ooqre•• tvln« thia perio4, there •• real 1.enldp la the tomer. ·
fho:qld aa4 laglnatloa v.,.. ••• ,o ••’ the p:robl … of the tiaea. ht· I ·
ne••r tor a aoaeat ooadderecl the Nl.ailonabip one of tltou.Uoa b7 •• Pr•.t•
lent. ‘Ille OongreH •• aa lnt-1.lipn.t Ooacr•••• with able mea. Wbea a
unh:rlou• •Itel” vaa preeated to U1e Ooncre•• it •• aoi nJeotect beaau••
the lnCftlliYe W takn the b1’1aUTe. !here •• ooo,en.Uoa ant 1-••eblp
••• \M par, of MtJI. fte.l ot · \he Jxen.\l’N •• ta • •••• u ••••
of power. Valer Pnll4MI 1Do,.-1, \he lxeftUn ti4 .. la1Ua’1ft’ 1•
p?raU•u tor eoatllot au la nac-•Unc l•llllattoa, l>•t leci•laUea
ooul? ao\ lte lapoa-4 – thel-e •• al.,i,q• •• 1at-11t«nt 4eo1•loa abftt tt.
Coa1H•n.,1e i.llpro•–••• •’ till•• were •d• ‘b7 tJae 0ollC1’••• oa pnpo-1• ·
of \be •••1••· Tbl ..,,1.,. llichl be •14 to ban tak•• lea4ereat.p t.a
-. ••’•” ‘beoau•• pn•rll.7. thoqh not eattr.i,-. tbe pN\ln• wen la?
teru.11oaal.la obanoter, la vhiob e’Nal the lzenUn ha4 epeolal r••••l•
\11?,I’• tl,.11 J)eriocl. titfenl fna ,he earlier 1’•1’• ef tile iooaenll atlll., -,·:_: ,,
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re?\ecl 1A noh. of ·Uu, lew Deal procru, unall7, bo-we•er, wt th the hearty
app?n.1 ot the Jxeeu\f.:n; •• exupl••• the Va.cur Ac,, ,tie Social a..tt,
.&ct, , .. lattoJl&l ‘*•’17 leoo..-.17 .&.ot, •11l.l \he tirat !oualac A.et.
?J’ro’bl•• wre ‘beoolllac to eaonie111, 10 far•reaold.nc, that the 0.1-lu\
971.♦.• lt••lf ‘broke low. eoaewht.\, u4 loet & coo4 deal of its 4eli\erat1Ye
ohaQcter. My own expen.eaoe wl\h the Cabinet aa w.ch caae latet’ wbea I
•• Solicitor G.aenl ad attend.eel U■ aeettqa when Atton.ey Oeattl’al
lt1441e •• •• able to d.o 90 – eltllier ‘b.-u•• oul of tow or ill. · Ttae,
P.♦tlcleat looteYelt -, opialon 1• tha\ the Oa’blaet vae a 11e&Jle tor ra\Mr
ceaei’al il1av.11lou &JMl •z•huc• et Wol”llatloa, rather than a plao. ot 4•ot•
toa, \ho,agh ••Un■ ot oov1e d.oi•l••• vere -.cle; for ….,1., tt the
Pre1iie11\ ld.•••lf ltro’lleb• \Ip a n.bJeot aal w.at-4 ,he Tl•• ot bit Oa\iul,
a-4 \he cc.-al ••Uaeat aocolilei wl th vhe.t h• •• willing to 4eoltl.e, \be
4.citloa, ,ao11 la a torMl lnl\ 1n a. praotical ••••• would thea ‘be •••
the •uers ot the Cabue11 theatel •••• hovenr. al thou,;h the7 laid a goocl
aa.Jl1′.• .,,ere on. tu table, oflen ,oo1r thell’ aon “rlou 1>1’0bl .. • ‘° tu
Pnttcln\ cilreo,17, oi- veat lo hl• with oth• …. ,.. 1aw1″4 ta a .., .. w
p19l>l•. ft.le Oa.l>lael •••u.ce 414 atfoJd the Pnet4•n• ea oppol’tuil? · ‘°
\l’iac the heat• of Uae hpa1’taea.h amt 0U1er• 11p to ate on .,. ••J••’••
azul lt ca•• •oh•• opportuU7 ‘° 1atona the otllen a, a CftllP, •• well
•• U1e Pre1U.•••• ot \.bell’ ovn \hiuta, aa4 4epara4az1u.l won:. ht •• •
plaoe of 4eo1t1oa ea hporlu.t laauet the Oaltiaet •• not otlea ••fl4, la .,.
n,erience.
Mo•• all••• ot coune are 1roa.a ov.t ‘beheea DepartNaia vi \lint
NMbtn& tl:.• Prellteat. often ‘be?v Oa\1aet lffttl. !’he Mn who ak♦ thee•
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a4J11,tlM1’1t• ar• lll\1&117 capable and 4«ote4 pulle aenut•• little non
to tbe public.
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One problem we bad with the War Departaoot iMOlved the so … caJ.led 11excludon
1 ord.era 1stued. by the 111l1tar, against alien indtvid.uals in ana•
wii.bln ,u tb>.lte4 Sta\es deeicne.,ed b7 • Var Depai-traeni •• eenaU1v•. ••
bad. d1eagree4 oYer the hand.line ot \b.oee orclere. We 414 no\ settle the
•tter saUafaetoril7 unUl U reacn.d Secretary SU•oa hiu•lf. but U
nner went, to \he Preddent. lhunerout d1teuH1ona had been carried on at a
lo1trer l•Tel. eo that the iaeue wa• narrowed down — onl.7 the eaaenoe. th•
ultt.-,-e difference. needed tc ‘be d11co.aaecl with. the S.crete.ry.
2. London lego,tation• tor British Ba•••
Seoretar., Kull .brild. ezobaaced not•• vi th Lord LothlaJl on behalf ot the
United liJl&llo•. September 3, 1940 • whereby ve exohance4 fl tt1 oTena«• 4eatro7era
tor the right to aoqv.lre ,allltal’J’ and air ba••• in British colo.niea
and poaM1aion1 in the wetern A\lanUc. fhe excba11«e -wa1 authorhed b7 the
Pre11den.t on the baala of an opinion of Attorney General Jackson ,;1Ten
1bor’17 before 1 vent iA\.o \h• Depart•nt. ln tl.ue coune — and rather
n:pidl7, a• I r•eall — the de1tn,yer• were actuall7 \raasternd. to the
poae•••lon of Bmclan.c1. ‘Phe exoha»c• of no,e, •• to be followed by- the a►
gotiation of d.etatle4 arnu:1ge .. a:h u4er whhh ve eoul4 leaae area• tor
these ‘ba••• tor n1aet7-nine 7ur,. Until ‘\hese detail• were e,cree4 -apoa
and ,i,-, could. take peHeHlon and bed,n. eonetruction, the United States. oae
m1pt sa71 0JL11 1-4 a pa.per right.
?ranee bad fallen. AcroH the AtluUo Jngland wae then alone 1.n the
var on the All1e4 tide. And blcl,and vat sufferln,r the blit1. The Prest•
4en\ ba.c1 hoped. ID.gland would send a •U•ion to this oount’7 to complete the
agreemeAt•. But due to the d.ltficul ttea in vh1oh the United 11aedo• found
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her,?f \be •–•••J’7 pert0aael oould not v•ll ‘be 1pai’ed. Vhea 1 leara..t
la,..,.,,.. •’bet” aad. oharaot.er of tile. par\ioll)UI• la tb9 Jaece>Ua\iollt 1 · •.( ‘.· .
colll:??1-,1,tua. tld.1 •i-• eaatl7., the VaiW. l1Bgdoa r..-.ete4 the lflit,.
•••••·• .. ‘-·…a a at111oa to lioadoa. fh. Pr••14•nt •• nlNrlel.7 autoui
. . that· ,. a-naac•enle be 0&1ut1.u,e4. ‘faclaad bad ov te1lro7er,. we 414 -,,
act-1.11 la’N the ‘baee•. •14 \la• •• l’\uud.ag. So 1a JdQJ7 1941. \he
Stat• ».pan…,, ••k• \he A\lorae1 OQ.eral throuch the 1.1at1\a11\ Sel1caltot
Oea?•• office \o 4•eipale , … oae vho •llld be ••11a’bl• to go -. ?•with
NJpn .. •tati ••• ot •• .,,., aal •.,,-. tu 4Uoru, 0…ral leoke4 •’- ·
• toc1eotu who thaul& go. It•••• that 1, allo\1.\4 be •Uher !ovaeeilll oJ”
1. -l t.i., l aho1114 go aid .. , •• Kr. fowaaaA lo 4o •••
· Ybe ..,.,uatlo•• were •• ‘b• oame4 oa Wl4el’ \h• tupanleioa of ta.
Stale l’iepa.naent. Oouand•r •rel4 Jie11mel•r, a laqer n.l ale a llu
Waftl officer.•• 4eatpa\&4 lt7 laq. anil Colonel – later General –
lafff lal.OIQ’ \7 .!1″117 •
· ·l .4H. not ]>ar’1-1a’fl7 ltt• Ille Kea of l’DU\C lo J,oJMtoa a\ that U•
u4 tanq • wife a.a4 ,. .. ellUAna – •M• nall7 bota..Ncl ae. ti.
•’-l’1•• of·”- rnt• frM L11’b♦a to liaclan4, u4 of tu 11M)1nc ot Lo-…
were .. , pleaeu.t. I •• not •• ln ‘1111 alm!..
AIM• wen, with .. te l•w fork for the ‘-ke-off. hlte and. Banu!I wn
a1,o iwe, •• well a• ..,. •1•ter .Ip.eta who 11T•• iA lev Tork.
fbit lewfo1md.lal’.ld 4elep\ioa .. , u at La0uri.1a – •• led•r?•••
ihelr .l\\oi’M7 General. u4 Mr. 1•noa, flnaacla.l r-,n .. ataUw of the
Vait-1. Bq&oa in l.wt01Jll41.aa4,., •• “-olc the ol4 Pu uel’leu. CU.pper.
1•”1-D& lam>A’q l? an4 •’-PPU. fln\ at lerau4a when we vete ••’•. a
• tev w• en aoooual of bed. weather. While th..,• we uax ••r, lmperteoilJ”
•
•
• 128 ..
a pal’\ ot :Pre1U.e1At ltoo••••l t’ • iM,iguml a4d.n•• on JtMUll!’Q’ 30, 1941.
Apel . at the. WhU• ·•• tor lucheoa that te,- am later tav the pe.rue
w1 th;tlae WA••• fro• tu Ocro.rt ot Olab!9 nil41n.«.
V• wre –••• \e laa4 nut a\ the AHN• ln1t Ute vathu 414 ae.t<
nllt14e en.ouch to enaltl• the fl7in#’: bu, utel7 to coatt down oa the vater
thent ao the Clipper l1Dloa4e4 a tunUty ·ot -.11. took on more h.el, an&
nw •tn.igbt o•ei•alght froa l•raruta to Lisbon, vhe:re w put 4ow on the
nn.-. U •• a Yer, l’O”Cb \l’lp thnuch a etom vbieh \be Oltppel’ , .. 11111 <
uaall.• to nae al>o’le; nt 1 -.oqu1re4 a crea.t rei,peet for i ,. eo111pe”1Jao♦ ud­
aw:M1•••• that ..S.cbt.
Allin•loaa alr tn.a1pOriatlo• 001114 aot then ,co tato ‘lnclaad. Proa x.1,’-••
att•r a 11\tle vhU• at La ?1001″11. we tlw to Brl1,ol. !he plan••
an .benoau •wu-•a«i•• Doqla• wh1oh had belonged to a D’utoh line. It baa
beea fl.ova oTer \o lllclu4 a• 11 Uer •• oTerftllllln,: Holland. Alter u. u.·
bappJ’ .tart urlJ’ ou d.ava – 1 t wae •re Uan a ,tan. we weN ou, o••r
\he •••r for al»ou\ ‘hn• bova oa the ,. \o 3n&l-4 when we w.ruct baa
to ·?· – •• vat eff a,ata •rl1 the llnt montac aa4 r•cW »11.•ul,
luA? oa • rala “8ll:e4 atliro•• after a l\u.u• llt&ttt· the i.,, ,.,, ilo’!ln.
We li-a•el• b7 \l’llla ‘- hadoa vhe1’e we wen .. , ftFT oevhoual7 a\ u.­
n.tlN-4 etatioa bJ’ ll”lUu ottictal•. Oar M•••J’ hl4 restu•Yect i-oo•• for
•• at Ille Cl.antce lotel, aa4 we ven •o• 1ettle4 dova am ‘b?,aa work
u4el” the a11splc•• •t our MaH7 lnlt wt ta a «oo4 4.eal et in4epeD4ence b1
r•90• of the nature of our aa.tgnual. fher• •• ao auaaea4or ta J.ontoa
whea w &l’r1Y94, fo:r .llltaalUOI’ X..aaeq ba4 Ntlgaecl u4 Mr. Yinul hall·. IIOI
ye\ hea appointed.. lte oa11e while we wN 1n Loa!oa. Iu tl’MI IIKAU• Mr.
•
Barr)’ lfop)d.na •• there a• a eon ot repreHntatlff ot \he PreaH.ent. Mr.
•
•
•
– 129 –
Herschel lobnacn, the counselor of the Jlmbaeey, was the r2nking ot:t1eer in
the !ln’ba1117 hierarchy. Mr. Ben Cob.en. o,. later \dth Mr. Winant for a
while.
‘l’he aegotlaUon• w&re under the oba1rw.nah1i, of Sir Alan lhtfte of th•
Oolon1al Office. the Btl tlah ‘Wt4″& vldely repreeented, !b.•re wre men of
the aS:r to?•• &l”Jll.1, na.v1, the lep.l adv1eer ot the Colonial Office. the
poet offlee, represe.n.taU•e• ot t,.he coloniea am dolJd.n1on1 who came troui
levtounctunrl, Jermud.a1 J&Mtoa, ‘1-tntd.ad, alld st. wob.. Canada. wa• not a
pa.rt1 but •• inn \eel to aUe:D.d.
All k1n4• of pn,blema d•Yeloped ln1t we finally vorlted. Iha ou\, t
think it1 a reaeoM’.bl7 eatisfaatorr –•r. Ve bad b?en told \he ae,0Uatio.a
1 -woul.4 prola’bl7 conttWN two veetu. a su\tstantial Ulldereatima.te. SoN
ot the d.lffiou.l tie• which eoneUJlled t111e M1 be mentioned: which aoYereign
•ho’al4 .haTe Jurhdie\1on of crtatDal trials in nrloua tadual ettuations
wlth reepect to ciUsensbip, locale ot the allegecl offeaae, .&lld nature of
the ottente? Xf u Aller106tJl ve.• to be triff b,- the United State•• where
would \he trial lake plao•? Perbt:pt the ••• fUnd!uneatal 1u•cible• — which
-.as being va,cw •eq oloael1 a• 1t ld.ght ..,.t,4enee 1,eelf ln sou a,u;Ula17
nap?t- U”f’OlTed the quatlon ot •o••reigaty. the lrt.t1ell and tl\811″
ooloni•• were 1endUYe about tht.t. ‘l’b.1a uaiteded 1,eelt, for en.mple.
tn ooueoUon with th• poe\ otflc•• Vhat ata.111p would be uted on a ‘ba,e’t
‘fbe atop of the ooloq or u Aurioan euap? I’.! the latter, would th1t
b1pl7 a eunfJD.der ot 10Y•retp,7l What ahipt could ooae ia\o the \later•
tVl’C)udlac • baee after ‘lit• took poHesaioA’t What, tt all7, ?ight of aCtJee•
wat to be atfol’ded Jritieb or other shipplng to the waters adJaoeat to \he
baael In what term• were the powen RJld authoritie1 we needed to build l’!Lnd
•
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– 13) –
def’end the k••• to be ex-preased. via-a-na retention of a0Ye?’etgnt7 by the
!ri tlahl ta Ulla couecUon we were obliged to negotia\e one quaUon. d.1 …
rectl7 ‘4th lb’. OburobUl. We w.ated the right, after taking -po••••doll of
a particular ba••• to d.efend the whole ooloD7, on or off the baae, ln oaae
of at.t.ok. ‘fhle vae eaaentlal tro• a ailUa17 atand:point. We couldn’t ‘be
<='”·t”; .·
rettr1ote4 to a e•ll part of an t.alam., tor &Dmple, tf the enemy were
ap-pl’Daohi.ac. One mat ha.ye the whole area antlable for MAeUYere and tactto•.
‘l’tsa Britieh would agree to thla t.t we in tv:n wuld agree that w!MJn
they vere at •r tbQ’ mtght u•• the b&H. fhe7 urged that 1f we vaa’9d wbat
was the.a the •1 t-aatlon. ht we e&1d no, aotwi thatandi? th@ eeeaing pln•1-
b1l1t7·ot their poeU1oa. 1 thS.Ak ve were quite right, tor \ht• reaaoau
\heae t,lace• had nner been 4efellded. that 11, no Jailita.17 baH had e1’er
been. bull t there of &DT coneequellee. the place• vel”e ln the veatern A•lanUo.
If attaoked the attack would ‘be on the 1ecurit7 ot the Vniied Staie•
arid we ,-.,uld ba1’e to ‘b•r the b’Uden. We were to build the b•••• an.cl
aboul4 i.,-,e reapoaa1b1l1 t7 a, part of the 4eten.e of Aaerica. lt w.■ uareali1Uo
tor ,he >l’t.tl•h to ••* the ldr.ut of l”ecipl”Ooit7 the7 nae1tect. ·
wbioh 414 aot aoool”d with the rNl.1’1•• of the 11tuaUoa. Ve were to llllke
large upend.1 tu.re• on theae 01dpoah aad would def111cl lb• ud \he whole
,_ .,,.,. flull7 vent to Mr. Omrchlll. We .. , with hi•. eo• …..
ber■· of hi• oab1Aet• u4 hie -principal aill\&17 .. n ln the Cabinet room at
10 Powug Street. Be 111\eaeA to both aid••• predcl1DJC •• lf he were aa
1.mparUal J’Qdge. Be 41d aot tJ7 to arcu• 111 down at Pn•• Rln.ieter ot
‘lngl&d. or to aupport hie Olin people because the,. wen hit ov:n. lie eought
•
•
•
– 131 –
tend. la Pal”li.a,. Ooeaeioaal.171 he would get up au4 w1k \Hthind. h1e
chai,f)..,,,.,Jl& to b1aeelt be nat 4ef•d. 1n Parliueat vbat •• acl’Hd. X.\
eort ot vo:r.d•N4 out loud a’bout \he n,pothaUcal r,oeaf.bil1Ues of attaok la
the wattern AUan,10 — wbo could alee the aUack — ud then vould. u7.
“lf \ha\ ooour1, 11 1
• the United State, -who ••’ defend. lt would reall.7
‘be an anack on the United Stat••·’ !hat was the the1it I bad upou.ded.
lt •• like ,u lfouo• Dootrin•. If \htl•• areas were attacked we 1nut 1>ear:’
‘ .
the p#iM naponliltlli t7 of 4eten••• Be agreed and aeke4 h1• ott1 clale to;
8U’ba14t. lt1’. Ohu:rchlll obv1oual7 w1H auioua to reach a,neaeat 1n good._
ta1’11i, to taoe our need•, aD4 grant ,;hat we ought to :ba.Tt11. !e oo•ented
that we bad 4one u moh. for thea. At to thh, l \bought thq wre d,eia«
eo nob for us, too. la the defenee a«aJ,nat H1 Uer. Be aleo rnarlteci that
the ee,q would mock: Jngland. ht if \he7 did it wa aot for long.
The negoUationt renl ted in an \Utderlpng apeeaent applicable to all
the be•••? w1 ,b •••n’• nlaet7-aiu yqr lea••• tor each •••• the acre …
aent va• put ot each l•••• b7 :re-f ereao•• and ‘rice Y•r••• !he pr1ao1pal
reaeoa for 1.,ara,e lea••• wa• \he me! tor eaoh lean to ‘be ••n•ed. by
,he dtftel’eat au,horiU•• of the parilaular arM 1rt01Ye4. ‘ftae ‘baaio &IP” .. –
ment wa• executed. l>T Mr. Otairoh1ll en bebllf ot Bit MaJ••t7’• OoTenmet.
!be ‘bl1 t1 was on during the nego’Ua:llone. U wa, not a, bad aa 1 t had
bHn, for e2.Uple ln tu prece41q fall or perbai,• in Deoea’ber vbea the
crea\ tire ooou.rre4, or aa 11 wa• 111 Mal’ after we left. when fro• all
accout, ,ure wa• a ba4 ttu. >ut tbe nigh\ ‘boabla« •• talrl7 ooaatu\
while we nl’e la London •
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– 132 –
ie wo*ed etead.U7. !h• JJ’itl1h deYoted themaeln• taUht\\l.l:, to Iba
n910UaU,on,. Ju, U look •r• ttae tbaa v• bad aaticipated. !heff .,.,,>
41ff??- u ecnetac on emo\ \ena. 1 think \hla va• udes-••Nla.ll• ••111
· — . ,,
tbe 81•r. ,t th• p?blM 1 • hll1 WMler•1JOo4. We were •••tated. ‘7 \1-
···\>
. .. ,. 1Wt 111 :LoAdoJl, par\inlar’.17 b7 Mr. fheoclor• 4o!dll••· Be look ae,
tmt., hl• wu.c u.d vaa 1.a’flllu’ble. .t.ohlll•• 11 a eaner •n in the State
hpal-‘-•’• l \hi.Dk h• 1• aov la Pan• wt th the .IIUllc ot lllaiater. Al lbou«h
11-·1,ate hput■•t troa a, to 4q &&•• u a coo4 4Nl et 1aUt’14• ve
weh eutful aol to llllk• tlul coultua’• w:UlM,,11t oleai-iq wl\h ho.u. W•
tele\Jpe4 41no\17 tato the Sat• ».,&nllell\ la Vawh1.ng\oa afMI’ eaal\ -••lac,
upla1M4 ,lie cvna\ •1 ft&Uoa, cl ‘floe tbe ten of propose4 parapapha
c11..-,-,..,,, dq, u4 ov …,uou a, to lhel• aeo,tuoe or aot. lt
we W • t1xe4 14.eat, w .td.11pl? a.eked. what OOUldt1 tile ltepa?t ·bu. to
a ls-tt1th ncge1tlon. ‘lbe hpartaeat d.14 aa excel.lea\ Jo\ ot orcaa111111 a
poup a\ ihe Vaab1a«ton u4 – lacaJ\141,ng War and •• pertJOuel and ,…
uu,, l \blak. repreua,atlYe• of o\her ctepar\aen\t, auoh as tu poa\
offl••• . wre aaUab.l• \o oope with cpae1tto•• we were au’baittl• ut
to ct•• •••1•-.-.. lbt aecoU.att.oa• v••• •rl’lt4 •• ooa1\aa,1, vl\t.l
•?,, u\•••buc• of 11,..,. be,,,.. our1eln• u4 Waabl.acka. Mr. Blear••• , . . . . · · · , -. . . – _
. . ‘ ,-,.
a, ilw!i ,ltate ».,aruen,, . •dcecl olotel7 wt th •• ••• ,u c••ral. npenltd.oa
of ••• ,.,.., hu.
·ta ,_ end.. ,ne hll … , :requlNd OYer-el.l fl.Dal appl’Oftl. ., , .. ,
pota,.•, onl.7 ,u s-.,. lllpana•’ ‘but ,he Altol’aw, 8-eJlal aad thePtt•?f
Aeai: “” pert1C>all7 ooU111te4, pel”aps •, U••• ?•ton. ..,, nooll•o•.t••
t• \la’ A,torne1 hural laokeoa ao\ual.17 wa, wltb the haat.4••• oa a
on.1″1′ oa oae of the PN1t.c1.-••• trit>• out of Waah1ngtoa when we ••1a• in
– 133 –
• for final approftl. We vere then gi••• o?ttc1al authorisai1on to dp. oa
behalf of the 11aUe4 Ital••· .. agnaeat, ••?• lipet l>7 >b-. lfl11Dt,1 .
Gea.-1 ».J.o•• hlllUA•r :a1e1 … 1er u4 .,-..it for ,taa Vntiad Mah•, ••
•
•
. . l>T •.-. Cimnhill, am Lon Ciu.’borae. :Loni aro,-., and TlAuAt Ma,..,. t,? :,.
–.,. L. J. Peareoa. ell ot O..aacla. tor Great Brltata. We e1e,u4 tu
a,n.,. la the Cabtae, no•• at 10 Dowbig s,ne,. tu tveat7-UYeatb. of
•:r.-, 1141.
‘.lfr. -llll&Jlt caa1t ‘9 J.oatoa a• u’ba■aa4or vhll• w,vere \here. Be oaae;
‘”17 1t11pl71 vltllov.t tutan. u4 veat abou.\ )de “°*• Be •–• ‘- be ·
well reeel..O. l>1 the lri.Uah, vbo liked ht• 11ap114UT and of oou•• hi.•
er•’ 4eYOUon to tlae .,., .. of Jacl•nd am ld• oppoatUoa to the ldli ot ·
,M.-. n,1er repn•••••• le took a ,na, later••• ta ft7 work. le •••
wt.Ill \u thNe of ut qtdte ♦ttu La the eTealq u4 41ac wt.th•••
Whe.a tbe aegott&tloa• were o1’e1′ w parted with the Jritleh la tNe
ool’tt.al.1\7 aad tridlshlp. _,v1,betu.4ln,; \he 1Utf a.goUa.ttoa1. I W. a
tJ’ehllllou nepeot to.- the JnUah. Dl.rinc nat pend vhea, exoepl tor
their owa ooaoaveal. lh oou•l’I.•• fa-r a’lf’a1′. \lwJ’ alo•• wr• ttchttnc It ‘1•••
,,. WN aplfloeal. tbelr ottl•• vere n).JeoW ‘° oeu,uat lte•hl• ·
o …. lP&l.17, nea la aa,,u •• ov •*• la the War Oflt••• wolll.4 -. lat.r­
.,.,,.,,the •nwte 1lr•• n, w woul.cl co oa. tu tt.r,, ‘1• \tda oo-
outel ••. Alaa hmt •14 \bat \we ven ‘boa’b •helter• aftllable aid w
onl4 ta••nvpt \he aecc,’1a’1ou utll ’11 cl.ear• tt w vl•h•. We taqt?J.i-.a
a• to thel I’ wl ••• a4 ,,. aaid. vell, ,. u–117 can1.a. oa, u-
1•••• .,, gv\ a wanlaa tna la partlAlal’ ‘b1dl41ac lu,- vel’e la. We .U
w•ct .. Ao •• …. • and a«ei- W to la\el’ru.pt the ..,1attoa1. OU. . ..,., .-.-.;)··.'” ‘- .·: .
•
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– 134 –
bfltA up all at.ght 4ol.ag hl• tour of dv.t1 ca the root• of hit ‘block. After
\he )le- Al’e in leoea’be1″ J.oa4oa wa• Te’f7 tlaoft>ll&bl)’ orcam.sed to preffat,·)• .
re?iNZlc• of ooatl.agralioa. v.,o•r• were potted on the JOOf• oil tlMt
alert to1′ tire boalt•, wt tb und bac• alMl othe• pal’ll’J)hel’Mlta. Ill’ Al••·
Bura• •• a Mil aloq 1A Je&N — but he vae 4ou« hi• tour of chi.ti’.
A.1 to li’f”iDC oon.tltU011a. our little group •• well oe:Pe4 tor. Clar•
14«•’• wa• aa exoep’10Mll7 fin.e hotel, ant\ w bad aclequa\e food. be,. hotel•
I ,ld.llk wre belier ?U.84 “1th food. tbu th• r-••14••’• punl.J.t •.
.
.
l bl4 \ut 111’1• opporta.a1’7 to expeneao• \be food. •lhatlea of ,-. •••
of the people la liomoa •- ‘but I Jaaow s., vaa ….,,, •tf’la«tt:at. “-‘• w•
• 1-oJc ot fnll — ‘1’11lt •• \ne nen at Olai-14«•’•”,- aad of ea•• vhloh
•• ilot eaUnl.7 tne at Ola-1’14c•’ • – a •hortac• al ,o of –.,, Yid.oh ••
par\17 n.btti\utecl tor by fowl and 11th. !her• •• a goad 4eal of ft.ah,
laclutU.q tleliolo11.1 a.-olte4 •okerel. there •• .aot mch b•et, lnl.t oooa1lo-aallT
01ut oo’Ql.d get 1,. tf one vent \o 81.apaon. ‘•. toJ” enmple. aad ftre
11’11’• in the fore part of the line vl\ea the d.tnaer-door opeae4, oa• lllghi
., road l>eet, ,…, .lure va.1 no, eu’Qlh ‘1> nppl7 n•170JI• who …. –
Ledon va• daltt. ?’blackout•• tn.o:r.t1\17 ‘black. It•• ••17
4ltft-1, to tlllll \be V&1 Aro-ud. 1’•1 U11tre ,raa ao\ a to’-1 ltl.aolm•a• -,,.. ‘
\t.ri •• IOM 11,,1e 11,:ht vhtch oa• 4ovn lb.rough \bf) \ottoa ot tlle ,,,. •• ,
lallp .,iobea, lat.t qul\e •li•• Oetllng a.read al llipt •• for • a pr•••
desperate lro.aiae••• Bot mch of 1, va1 al,-,p\94, although lt •• taeclaaliag
hov \he oa’b• coul.4 ftJl4 the1J’ wq arouad. Aohill•• latrocluoe4 •• to
• pod re1tauna\ ••• lUUe 4letuo• ..,. troa \he ho\el, Ull •• lftlldng1
we took a oa’b an4 wnl there, ooata, baoit ln ,be &10011,. Otto we wuld
•
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•
– 135 –
dine, perhaps id th Kr. Winant and Mr. Oohen after the:, a:rn..a. at the
OonM,ucht lot?l not far tro• the lmbaH7.
·• . Down arow:a,tl the w’bal”f• the hou.a1111 bad ‘been lla417 boeed.. tfhen ve?
‘bad ,pots all oTer I.ondon, but Doi -.oh deatructlon aa l uw latttr 1n Berlin
and .hremberc — except tor the retul h of the .fire in the old ct t7 in De•
ceaber 1940. ftl4t aubvay-s -were a eacl tight at DJ.ght, 11ced. b7 tbouaa4e of
peopl• aa boab shelter•, but peopl• took their ol”deala in wonderful ep1rit.
I de .aot reu•ber •DT ‘t)arUmlar pro’bl• about clot
h
in,. At a •tter
of le.ct, now bi I lh1Dlc about lt, 1 nppoa• we had to aJdq, b7·• siae• we
bad aet lntulfl.t to ‘be avq eo long. ‘lh• hea”7 underwear Ao•• bad adYleed.
caae 1A bancl7. A• for soap, bot wter, am lau.adr:, \here •• tor 111 ao
htn”4whip. •• wen in one of tbe aoet tawrable places, a well aaageA and.
well appointed hotel. I a• .ve ve fared better tha.rl .,,,.. There va• a
boa’b ehelter attUal>l• in the ‘baa.-nt, bu\ during ‘1» m4• I pretened. Jff/
rooa, vhioh •• aomewhe.t c•atra:u, located 1u the hotel, both longitudinall7
and le.titudlzw.17. The entraace to the ho\el va■ hMTil7 aaaAbaQed, “‘1 \h
high wll• of 1-c• UtCl,ecl eo Uat no light oouJ.d e•i-ge fro• vilhiJL 4
creat bole •• ia \)le etree\ uar1>11there a bollb ht.d u:ploded; bu.\ none
aeeaed \o fall ••’l7 clo•• vh1la I •• u,.•r•• \bou,gh tn• the noise of th4t
plane• ••7 aHJle4 ‘° be ngJd oTer.b-4 al tt•e•; u4 the ‘ba\,eri•• ill Byte
Park put up a gr86\ racket.
if.be old ca-pUYe balloon, OTff I.omon were a tt’flt.DCe d&bl, Ol’tUM1″il7
gre7 \o the •1•, out at time, turned a beautiful rtlee or pink ’19 th• ra7e
ot a daolini•c tWl colored th•• :bl.ch 0TH’ the ct t7. ‘1’hq kep\ the re.id.er•
at a gree,\er height tbu othervile theJ alghl mve coa .
•
•
•
– 136 –
l bad. beea 1n a aighl nld ot the Gel”lftane o”l”er Pan• in 1918. at a
U-.f,,? .. Jic Jer\ba w.a also ,w:u.ac P.u1.a; but ‘h• )ea\1»c et LoD4oJL
d11ri11f, V.? Vu II, ud. of eo.,.,.,. • .lrietol, aacl •••I’ l»cllo citt•••·
‘,_ ?}”‘; ?,:, .. : :
•’ -·, :· -·. “.,
was/:tu- more fSlenli••• Later in \be •r our boal>lac of O.naa c1’1e1 .na
ex••;ded. thi• ia cle1tra.ot1Yene••.
f1- laber in the J1r•’ World War loet hla •X1n&4e•• aDA ii Uer 1• \he
S..0.1).d·. ••••• to have takea h1• ow life 1a a 1carrad aad ••Nd .0.l’IIQ7 &I
\he btiu• vue ooainc n.o\e:rloual.7 tato ierlla, e.Dl we had eo•• a loa, .
•1 arat •n near. fae 1aore41-.1e n.tteriac that ball ….. WJ’O\l&Rt] L•• •
bop♦ ao ou 1-1 U•••• n• o-•••r 4ettn.c’1oa lt7 lld.aldn, he ea.a n.oo”4 ..
wl\ll \he J.-.llio er ?roe• \oab. le Ybo ‘8kea up \be h’Otd ahall perbh
b1U.ae nold.
l •• in hrlla 4uring tu JtotllC1aia Coatereaoe 1a the naer of 1941 to
•”‘ Ju1Uoe laokson for a co».tereaee vtth the S.Ore\a17 ot State on the
1\a.1u of the var cria•• aegoUatioA• \hen 1a progre11 1a Loadon. lackaon
•• 11hil Aurioaa l’tpN•••Un aJlil the allle4 le.der la the ateotia\loae.
• 1-4 na•·•• reque•’1JtC \bat lftdal le\ta aa4 I, ,ua ae&I’ hukftlr\,
Jola 1’1• to1′ the coatenoe la Jalta. the day after ou uri-1 we wen\
dow. la-. ti. ll U.ez· lnarucer .. \M 1-toh CbanHIY. the vbol• area wu la
rdaa. · A tw aon4eaff1p\ ha,taa eo14lera wr• oa «a,a.rcl tn. • ra\ut” loo••
fa.•hioa. (.U Pol.a.a. 11•-1.f, bow•er, Use Sonet pertollMl wen alert all4 .
w-11 po…a..) We wuclencl abov.\ uoag \he rut.a, of lbt 4″ff1′ •• • • dqe
ot •…i., gnat••••• a 1911Mal of \he bilge cleft1tatloa la \he ler1ta area.
Oollta ‘baclc to 1941 u4 Lemoa, •• oa• ho .. b7 alr. Ve l•ft tolldoa \y
taiA for :In e-.01 the e.tt•noo• of \he •tcnln«. aftet” a bappJ’ cta7 “1th our
.BrUieh fri•••• Mr. Ohm’oh1ll had ananaed a pleaean.\ eeNIIIOllF and «a-••
•
•
•
– 137 –
•olto:f .111 _a spacial fount.la pea uaed in the ai1nlag. ‘Phere were challlpegae
1oa•!l .atter ttw pbolocrapher• u4 Devnen 1-4 left ,, Oa’blae\ no•.
?”1t:l:rl•tol ve teat a \elecnaphic farewell to Si., .Alan. OUJ> all’ ·
tll?f 10 ‘t1aboa •• 11.allar k the one that brou«ht ua into ?lo4 two.
– c’ ‘, ,;,,- ‘ ‘ • ‘ ‘ • ‘•
months or •o •rlier., A\ L1ebo». ve ver• \e take the Olippe? home. !here .
were seTenl da7a of wai Ung, bu\ theH vere ».ot unpleasant in the unva.r-
11-e $.\aesphere of Portucai, a-, t:ro11 the death aad dattnctlon or var. u …
,.,,, \7 a blaclco\\11• plea’1tul wltn tl’UUs, d-1.ioa.ol•• and· 11U.n■hlu.
lnel?? ?- berole ot \ho .. tat•, wa, also the 4eprtn4. Aa4 1’1-Qu vu
••d-olowttd u4 le11pol’Ull7 ea-1.aYeA. (01\-, retai”II I spoke to the.,..
Law Jenev of rq iapr•••t.ons oa the trip, and. aight le&Ye v1Ut theft ao•••
a cop7 ot \boH n•l’k•, •• well tu Ibo•• u4• b7 se 1n Londo& oa ltelialt or
,he UaUed States at the tlrsl planar, tealioa, prelided. over· ‘7 811’ AAn.».
our Olippe-r ardT” we fl.•v froa Licbon ,o Jaloma 111 Port’fJP•••
•••\ Atnoa, where PAV bad renatl, e1\abl1•hed a eu\loa alone 1,, aev ……
“1ra na\e to \he Valt-1 State.,. !? flight 4on t.roa L11’bon •• offl”IU&ht.
Ia the •1’17 aoniltac -.. P”•e4 ‘bqond Dual’ ea rou.te \o l&lom. 0a 1aa1ac
tur• ” ep•at tu 4a.7, a bot oa•, 1n thle ..ii. qUaiat ooa .. 1,,. … ,.
tu lean poplllaUo• •• ., tlr•• coataot nth the naU•• Atrleai,e la tbelJ’
ow .ldiil. ‘low a few Aurloau wel’e also thel’e \o –.• tbe Ur s-.uoa.
••• aip\ app:roaoi-t we nw acU’O•• the South .lUaatto to land ia one o1
, .. JROU\U of the MIISOA off \he lhoN of 1e1 … Jnlil. We -.. down ••
\1- ·•ter \efore 4ava, aloa& a tlriag of l1ghl• to &1114• the pt.lot. W•
\r.icta.1te4 on a boat oa the rinr, ho• which w eov.14 SM tn the 41•’°”‘•
u\ oal.7 Ille• but the r1Ter ltoa \t with tall p1Ne eallt e«aiast the hea-,,
.. 138 .,.
• tore•t: green along tlle baue. During the d.a7 we O&M 011 to ffrtaicla.4 •
•
•
.UteJ> a few hova there we were off for Jerma4a, where. a, on \be ••oa.
ve an-1″4. before 4awa aad oa.• down oato the w.t•r ln’° a aMlrlaoe ♦,
11,ch\e wh1oh fro• afar bad •••eel to oo•er 80 1.U a epaoe. l•l•r• … ,her
487 ?4 paHecl we beat a aladon iato lev Tork. l.an.d.S.nc on the water• a\
LaOwal’d.ia Airport. A.an•••• \her• and we were eoon. 7tmn1\’4 vi\h our cb11j,J,>
4Na in Wauia,toA. Agn.ea bad had a ••• uict tor • eaoh 48.7. an4 1 bow ·
ot».,, of ihe faail.7 pra,e& for …
The Pret14u\ proa,U7 taa1111 ttecl to OoapeH ,,, 4ooueat• to• wbie>a
he had ‘8.kan i-e1pon1ibillt7. He d.14 ao\ •* tor \heh• raUft•tioa ll1 \bt
Senate •• a tnat7, OI’ b7 the two Bou•••• but ‘PNIIJ)\17 1ent tbea 4ow to
keep Uie Co.a..cn•• ldoJ’M4. the lat\J”Wleata we1’e tr•te4 •• ••nti•• A,ree­
UAt•• witbin the power of tlle Pree14ct to alee, an4 t thiak be.n aeYer
‘bMU quetiouct. Oa the ooatra17, Coagre•• ia nuaerc,v.a -,, «a•• 1 t, appl’O’l’al.
b7 lectslatlng oa ‘ftlrlou• tubJeot, related \o •h• baua. fhe Pretldeat••
bauai1aioa to 0oltCJ’9H 11 npl’04uN4 la lfoue ot Bepre1eatat1•••
Docna.un\ Jo. USI, 77Ht Ooncn••• let S.1t. (tfaloa Calendar lo. 91), Oo••n…
, PriaUnc Offtoe, 19G.
la oae of \be War Offt••• 1a l,oD4oa lhere •• a ••r, ftae oll ,ol’lft.l t
of P1″ee14eat Yathlac’oa. llr Alu. uuc.a our latereet aa4 lo14 11• the
atoq, vhlch he a•• l:la4 tn,14 tol’ u, •• follow••
POIIMl:t.QI UQl9J Y!ffllUOI
. la thfble Sae na1•t e a Cnphalllbelcar a ot fVa a a-pbialac’oAUanc. by1′ o•. v• . 1-Pro-1ua•h t (1to7.ftl la.rop-182e7 )
· Stata 1te?80, Mibnl7 sCo\leoru tol lelt.the17 Ie X.the’1Nllrlu4a, aw. bo !heha4 t’bhl”p al appoa •hllachtect ku Vnnalte4• Icora.aaYelJ)llled o f• o.p• taoapia\11.Nl Kepp oelff. 5evvbo foclu4la.lau4ed t ‘bhe:, pao arr1tra,1i,t h• •t rihcalat p•e lar­ aonal prise. and. pnaea\ecl 1, to hi• ucle .Ualral Lori lflPJUtl •
•
•
•
– 139 –
fhe painting tbu• found ita place ia the ,oaller., at ?denbaa
. Paik·, the sttat of the lal”l ot Albemarle. :for some Ume it wa.1
M. 10 l>owninc Street, and wae trantfened hen 1u or before
1929. A e1111lar replica waa preaented. to the Court of ‘France
and 1• at YeJ”ealll•••
.My’ ‘bJ”Other Will d1ed. 1n larch at ov old home in ioae while l vaa la
London. tfct w.a d.xl7 year• of age, the oldeet of elnea brotbera and alt•
ter• who )lad lived to •ture ace, and h1• 4eath vat the tit•at …,ng \19
since Paul died. a little child some tort7 or more 7eara before. Will’•
death•• a beau.UM 011e, with hi• 4eTOte4 brotbera am dater• in Bo•• ·
bee14e lll•• alil4 vita tu Cbu.rch’t Saorueat aoooapan,1nc hia. •• u4 hi•
wife. the fol’Mr Bsll7 Stude ot Ifouton. are buried. in the f–117 lot ta
M7rUe llll Qeu,eiy 111 Bo•. Will we.• • . lonl>le penon, v1 th a “nrJ’ flae
lllnd. ana ‘became an. aoeo111pliahA4 •n t,n hie tield of a4-r.i•U•1AC.
‘the President an4 Secretary lilll seeaed. gratitied OT&:r the 11-cotiaU011•
in Loll4oa. \fe nceiTed letter•. etc., AJ)J)eDded.. On our ,:,a:rt ve o’tl494 a
••rJ grea, deal, aa 1 ht.. , . q1d, to Aohille• 1n Losa.don. and to iickaraon
geanal fl&P•ni•loa ot Mr. luee J:>iua, kept ,ie ad’ri.ae4 and oa the •tcbt
taclc. Zwtge lfoWAtend, of ,q- own otftoe, u4 Or••a •ckwonh. of State,
who w.1 olo•• to the original exobance of not••• also aterlallJ ••lie.\eci I
aa ?. I eboul4 •ation alao the helptw. ooanltatione vi.th Ben OoJen la
J.oACloa after he arrived w1 th Mr. Winant, a• well •• Ben•• co11panionehip. l
acquired. a great respect, too, tor Mr. Herechel Johllaoa whoae can.I’ in tlut
Deparlaen, of State hae been a 41at1np1ehed one. 1• the year• -paeaed. be,
OoheA, J.ohUl•• aa4 JU.ckenoa aal l wer• 111 one v,q or a.\her •••o.clate4
1 n \he Sta\• Depanmc t or 111 tau a for \be United Sta tee 1n cou.ect1oa wt. th
the United latioae.
•
•
•
– 140 –
‘!he Oomender, now lleal’ Admiral lU.et•eier, retired, not lone a,o. HAt
me a oop7 ot lalt •J’aatl7 s.ca• • ooatalniac • ••71 in\erettlng aoootu1\ ot
the Lon4.t>Jl, 1\MOUaUon•. 0.nel’al Maloa,- ao’1Tely pantoipa\ed 1a tbft $e•
con4<1otl4 War wlth dit’1aot1oa a.n4 1• nov al.to reUN4 but relaU”lJ’
. ?- .
10\dC llld.l-n pod health. S1r Alaa Bu.ma ‘becue \he lrlUah l”epN••n\a?t.-
.,):>· . .. ..
–
__ : ..
oa il» Jn•••••hlp Oouoll of the Vatted laUont. Sir Grattan Buache, who ,
wa, t..1 J11hi1or tor \he ooloa1ee and Tert aotift in the aecoUatlon,. ••
.
‘
wlli••• la 4n.tucc. be–. lo-.enoJ” of one of \he po1M1tloa1 1n the We,,::
en. 4t10.,10. Sir Wllliu MalJd.a, Lecal Mnsor of \he 7ore1ca Ottt••• ••
pat”t1oipala4 at ti•••• one with \lM, lai’18h to \1- Baa huolaoe Coat••””
eu• la 1941 am wt lo■’ vua the })lue ln llh1oh 1M •• 11,t-, bo• to
Jacl..a A119ppeaNd.. S. •• a ••17′ able a1’14 loftble peJ>soa. J!a a4e o ..
of alt olub• 1n l,onctoa afttla\le to Malo AT• JeieHeier all4 •• lncte.t.. the
Brt.Uth wt.re aod oouteou• \o ua in eTe17 way• no,vt \hclan41ng the etNt•
of 11- tlua u4 t? tlifftov.1•1•• of the aegoUatione. Ir. Churchill bad
ue to 41m&e1′ on Sw:a4.q a, 0-qael’•• wl\h Mr■• Cbul”Ohlll, a daughter, Mr.
Vt•••• u4. •r. ‘lne. 4 fttber lat”C• ottloial lu».cuoa oen.rn4 •rller •.
wUll S.1? ht..,- a.- a• hott. t.atel’ n retunulll the oov\eq vUll a tlatlar
•f.faf.r at Olarlqe••• (Sir Aa$llo117 talkel of ll1• Ma171a1Mt foff’beart.)
i.a:, •••i- iaol-184 u• la a ftl’I 4ellpl.to.l ••••• a\ 011Ye4ea.. Geaenl ·
aJ.14 JCS’•. lfdnghtoa of 0.Md•. Lord. 0l’&Jleho:rn. alMl Lol’4 lalq “” uon,
the cu•••• Mn. Molfe.ughtoa 1• a Oatllolio and La4)’ J.a\or un111ed for he;J”
aa4 • ‘° be 4riTen to ••• hnda, a, ,he .Uita17 boapUal aot so tar a-, •
•
– 141 ..
•olrt. .a or4er af \b.e Board requtl’tng an eaplopr to red.ace to Yrltlnc 0
and tip an agreement naoha4 b7 oolleo,tve barplrdnc. 1’ •• abl7 pre-
11nte4 on lMtbalt of the Ooq,u7 ‘by Mr. :r..rl ….. a 1u•oldn•nt uaber ot the.
PUt0t)\ttilh bar who ba4 a:rpe4 \he Ult• t kuCIJlia ••• oa ‘bebalt ot ••
00.,:,.11,., fb• hpNM Qov\ tut&tned the ot’der ot ‘he Joar4 ae a N&.11 …
able on• \o etteola\e the polldee ot the 1tahte la MCO\U’84lflC \he
1ettU.llS of lal.11ehial 411put•• \hftugn eolleoUTe bal’Piat-,. fhe •••
•• -.-.,?ac of a Ju(llclal lari4•rk la \lut de’Nlopaeat of oolleotlff \ar•
gaialng &lid lte incH.nt1. A\ tlrd blub it alght eeea to lla.Te :pre1ea\ecl
•
a 41ttiftlt ftUA•Uon 1a \bat \he lloar4 •• Nquirina a wn,,en, a1pe4 0011-
traot; kt th11 •• al••t aa law1-.ble 4.nelopaeat ot 1004 fa1\h colleot-
1Te be.rpinlng. I tel t fairly coat1det the Court vould ut dt•tu,:,’b the
Jwtpeat ot the Joarct aD4 take a be.c1n,al’d etep • laoon1l8’ea\ vUh the. 1)011@
,, of tu Acot •
.Aaothel’ et the tov case• argu4 at \bat lfera •• Qlr)elala U r:11.
l>Ua1.»1 • …. , …. 9u: L ARia•aa 9.o,. ., Ii-• llS v. s. 108, –•ll
\eatel the ftl.141 t7 of an act of Ooagnee au.tborlslnc the conahuotloa l>J’
tlMt trai\ed State• ot a daa u4 power plant aaJ’oH the led JiTer 1A Oklaho•.
!he oo?oe pov•r •• a-el.ltd ‘&l)oa, -parUcularl1 the n.\horU7 it gl••• tm
fed•nl pTerueat o•ti· the a”ri,abl• ,tr••• of the Val tea State,. !be la\
eret\1». feature about th.11 pa:rliftl.&J’ exero11e of ttu. power w.e that \he
4aa wa• tn pal’t a povei- plant. I.and.• la the State would be 1nuak’te4 b7
• the te1enoir renl Un, froa the dam. and 1 t •• coatemed there w.e net;
•
•
•
– 142 –
tJ’Ul.7 an. exercise of power over nan.gable waten but \he g•neratlq ot eleo\
rto J>Oftl”, which•• a •tt•r for \he••’•• the S\1pl’eae Oov\, bowY•Ji•
helct \hat the prillaq p,upo•• ma\ be cona1<1erecl to ll• nood coatnl, vldoh
1a w:1.tMn lb• ooa\rol ot aa”1p’bl• va\er• \Ullller ,, federal OOllllleNe -po,,.r.
? mltlple purpose of \ha 4.aa, it ‘WBa held, dt4 ut deatro7 thi• federal
auUiort.t7.
The oa•• ce.11• \1p lo the offiae ot \he Solicitor General thr&\\lh. the
01.alu Dh’ia1oa of the Deparblea\ of JuaUoe.. Mr. De-,. waa the at’61″UJ’
whe wned w1 th • priaolpall,r 1n the preparation of \be onl preaataU01t.
ln \he lupNt&e Oourl, &114 •• of &Nai aH1slaue to … When 1 later \ecaae
Solicitor Geeral I ottencl hill a po.S.Uoa •• 111′ autt, ‘bul he ha.4
beea offered – or •• about to be offered — the podUon of a..?t
General Oounael or Geaeral Oou••l of the Jtederal Oollll\ll!licaU0111 Oouie•ioa •
He vnt wt th the Comal Hioa and. became 1 h Genual Oouael and 1• to’f” a 11n­
‘ber of tbe ColUlli .. 10.n 1 leelf.
1 ha•• no 9J>Hlal recollection ot clltfl’-1•7 oa the Oour\ oT•r ,he
q1Metion of the p11rpo•• of Uae claa, btl, Cb.let JuUo• Ba.ch•• •• ••17 1.llter••'”‘•
and aske4 qa.ea\lo.ati tor \u -purpoae of olarlt1oat1oa of \lie
IONi’Uaeat •, poaUtoa, tbo\1gh lMa d14 aot l.Uoa\e tel”toua doubt-a about ••
ftl.ld1t7 ot tt• 1>0•1Uoa.
l 4o remember, aovftrer, 41ffiaul\7 of a peraoul character 1a tborough-
17 u1. …… JM1.1aa \be •••• Oaee u.nder•too4, l wa• ooatidea,. ‘Iba At\on.,­
Oeael’ll. of the I•’• of Oklalloaa ..a.e a flu a:rcueat oa ‘hhalf of tile $tale.
\tber&· oaa• \lie oa•• ot ltJ.Sn •· Jla&HA hAS11? aa u. •• a,a, u vhlOh
the optaloa br lutloe . M1″• — I uv llan 1, llefore ae — la the ftn,
••’•••• tlffhe appeal brlap here the oonec,ae•• ot the raliac ?1’ \he
– 143 –
• Oou:rt of Claims, which allows 1i1tare1t on. s olalm aga1ntt the appellant.
•
•
tlw Vruled. State•.• 1, vaa an interesting caae. n sounds 1••• ao thaa lt
••• lactuell7 the X1aa1.ed.ppi It Yer and ‘h• ‘boa(.” vh1oh pltttd l t1 an4 th•
ot?atanoee that la7 \.idnd the 1ntel”e•\ ao-,.. lade an tatei-eattna stoq.
It wa,e a new kind of caae for me, a• •• W Bixer,. So. too. vaa hfta­
dmH.gJ} J>iyage Qocomion, t\ aL “‘· !ht ErwltMI hout1U11 MxitttU
iraP.P, ,i Al, … 313 U. s. &79. ‘!’he queatioii wae a nry technioal one fro•
.., Join\ of new. banng to do vUh tlut u .. 11ae1• ot ea appeal to the 01?
nit Ooun fro• u order of a baaltruptc1 oov\ at tb.e 419’11.ct oo\U’t lffel1
ud. alto the que1U.oa vhelher the e;>!’eal •• of right or m.st ‘be allo-4 .,.,.
\he et?aui t covt et appeal a. 7he oout belov W 4eo1d-4 againa, the JaritclloUon
o! Ute otl’OU1t oourt to (Jntertaln tbe appeal. a defeat for \he
llecon1tru.cUon 71unce OorporaUon oa who,e b•Mlf the Solt cl tor General
bad pet1 tioned the Supr•• Oovt for rmev. !he SuJ>re•e Oourt l’eftr•ed. in.
an o-p1.u1on by J,:uitice Doucla•• holding the appeal 1bould have be?D. eater­
tatnad. !he d•fect in the ■e\hot! b7 whioh the am,,eal had been talttn wa•
hel4 aot \o ba”f’e n•te4 the 01rcut t Oourt ot J,ln14ictt1on. !he ea•• wea\
kck for 4.hpod U.oa oa \be •rt h. tb.• atoou,no’1011 11auce OorporaU•••
l aow aHUJte, hat aa lateNt\ tn. the ••• lt••••• 11 Met a •’-• tn the
a••••• of the ooapanJ’ lnYOlTecl.• no dout ‘-lu’oup a loan. We vne ta ooa\aot
vl th i h general oouaael la preparinc \he ca••• “‘ l ’11 not oleai- tha, w
cou-1. tttd the Seeurii1•• am hou.nge Ooaaiadoa. Later on \hei-e w••
•••• la wbioh we 414c tor el’allple, t11e t1lutMD MADtn\toa •••• wt tblt
oaa. -1,oq later vlaea l •• lolleUor Oue•l.
•• vere Te-q batJ’ dun.a« this p•1″lo4. Gae W to keep eteaAtlJ’ at
vol’k ••r \he 1,>retn.ret of \he Hue. X \lliak: unall7 tber• i• ti• to 4o
•
•
– 144 –
what fall• to oDe but the work did involTe long boure. I waa tak11u1 ou\ ot
the 9.ftle• attrely dunac tta. Londoa ucoUaUoa,. •l•• perbapa I vou.\4
haTe •tc.eA oa• 01” tvo o\?r ••••• Another oae bao b•NI a11lpe4 to••–
, – – · ,:- · _, ·• .- ‘ ‘ . .-.. .
for,/% vent •waJ”• but thit Sol1o1tor Oeunl hlat•lf took U oTer. lt 1-..
-.ol•’-4 an order of the J’e4eral ‘I’re.d.e Oo•S.1110• sad became an b1por\&Jl\
preo..tent.
I had kaova Mr. Biddle. lhe Soliol\oF hneral. al.thoqh I bad ne•Hr ·
pm1ou1l7 ?•• vilh Jal-. la ha4 ‘beea a meber -• Ohalr•n – ot lhe
ltabol’ Joal’4 whloh prHti4fl4 the Yacaer Ao\ loar4. 1 ‘becaae mch bet,eT u•
qua1ate4 wtlh bi.a 4via« \Ma penet, aa4 •lao vUh hit •taft• vhlob •• u
••c♦J.l.ent oa•. WaneJ’ Gari.Ml’ I belt.ne •• hit 1e.alor staff … i.er.
Anol.4 Rau •• la lbe ofttoe — he h aov a -•• ot thA, Taz CoU’\ et 1-ba
Val\… S’8.tea. l alw.J’II lhoqhl Afl&ol.4 oae ot the most learned.. Ha la Ille
taz field in lhe ooun\r,. l’ortua\elJ, he reaaiud ln the office 4•rtnc -,
:pert.o4 as Sol1o1 tor General. !oa Barri• w.1 there “1th !1ddle u4 1 b•-
11••• Qhatle• lortkr, altbouch l•• not eure vllelher he thell t’eaaiu4. I
Jmov he was there wt.th Jeel. Mama 9111\h !a4 ben oa Uwt atatt fer to•
7•f• and.