Charles Fahy National Labor Relations Board

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:ln 1:a-. .&qas\ 1936, •• t recall lhe Uu, Cal.Tel’\ lfecn4er, vita
!boa, .. …., •• oaae lo , .. • a\ ihe Petnlev.a Joari aad aeke4 • ‘9 ooa …
e14•r 1.,.-.a1n.c c•••ral oo’GUel ot the laUollll Labor :8elatlon.1 Joan 1Ul4•r .
tit• uw We.per Act, vhiah had. beea a pproTed b7 iu Pre114ent ..Jul.7 Ith. I
Md-? \eton u, Mlla.nd.ei- peraoul.17. Be ba4 ‘bffll c.,..ftl. oouael. of 11-
La.. . ., loan ••• up 111111.er lo1at a. .. 1ut1oa lo. -M. . ‘loan -4. bea .,.,.. ·
poae4 of J!.ru.011 11441.e, Llo,t 0.rl”ltoa, lu17 11111•• am 0U111r1. J.lllcraA••
wtabeA \o r•tun to ht.a tMOld.ac a\ Ba.na1’4, u4 •• 11Dlertakiag to e\Wa
a a..-al ooueel for the Vapar Ac\ lloar4 \hea belq 0Jlpld1el. 1al S.rSOC,
vho u4 “beu vUh •• on the lolioitor•• ataff la Iatenor •• a Aollara-)”
eal’-an fro• lav ao.bool, 1 l•n• bll4 noo•u4.a •• to Mag”14er. Berto&
later ‘becue obd.l’IIU. of ,Ile Bev Tork Sta,• tabor lelattoa, Joan. u.4,
la Mi’ ■till, clalnu of tl!e •t1eaal t.al>or lelatioa• Board. l tMlf. l bilt.n
IO• 14• too that 0.bllrl•• V,-1antltl, tma lolloitol’ of ‘1le Depart .. , •f
lia\o1’, … ,, an ••••• 1-tce· of •• Val w “•’•• 11,,not Ooun ta 3o•to•,
alao “”8au4e4 ••• ‘blll I aa aot ••r•la..
fll11 1a,el’e1,eA •• u4 I ‘8d the •lle1’ ‘Gp vi.Ill lhe hoN’617. lJe
NJ.4 ••t 1f 1 wutecl te co. all rlght, lnlt I felt be wcn114 llk• M to reala.
I coafenel w1.,h ,, >oan, u4 ••• ihea tor \lie fir,, ‘1•• J. Var1’4tll
Ka44ea. wm bad oo• •• to Waahi»cion to ‘b• l ‘9 ollainaa. !be elur aea\er1
nn .T•hn M. O.no47’1 “‘1o 414 DO\ remain YH’f lone. all4 Mwtll a.· Id th. I
look the po1Uloa 111. S.,t•ber 1938. llqn.der, a aee4 trteat oTer \lMt
reara, •• hiaaelt oalle4 llaok to public aen1o• a fw 7ear1 later te tnl•
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At,•,–• h vat appointed. ,o the OlrOlli, Oov, ot .AppNl• for tbt ftnt
Cir??’• ., vfdoa h• 1• aov. anA .baa been tor ••• Y•”• the 41tUJll’Ate•
Obl?,ltille
.. ·? Wqner lot put into effect veq aal.11.ta17 leci■laUoa tor tu co•\
17 a• a v!»l•• tbou«h 1 t va■ bull\ pr1aar11J’ arovnd. the protectlo• of oei-…
tab taa4aaell’81 l’ichl• ot the vot’ktn, 1>eople. I va■ gnUt1e4 1a •”‘471ac
\1- A41 to fln4 hew wll 4ratt.4 l t w.1.
leuhr Vacner ha4 ‘beea 11• pruclpal 1 .. 1■1atl•• apoaaor, vi.Ill Oo&cN•s­
•• lf\lllu Coaa.17 of lfaa .. la1elt1. Macm4•? -4 Mlpe4 la the ln.lllllf,
•• -4 t.eoa le,ae.-u.ac. lhtm •• lbe 111t.ft et 8aa’9• Wagaei- u4 7••• 1a, …
P!’e■l4eat fl-uan’• eoonoaio a4’ri.,er. A 70\UIC laW7er, Pld.l X..v, alao Iba
wt th Senator ‘Wagner, bat •••nall7 a .. t,te4. ‘!’he reporlt of •• oo•lttff■
of ‘bo1h lh• Jlov.•• an4 Senate wh1eh aooompuie4 the ‘bt.11 onto ,u noor ooatalned.
e:a:pluato17 ctata belpta.l la underatud.ln.1 ,he ■\ante and Ua muter-
171:D& coaatltutlonal ba111.
n. J •• appnaoW lo \eoo• ceaeal ooa1el the har4 lla4 aol ..,.
to hllottoa. there •• a ho14oYer 1tatf tn• •• pn-Waper 1.01 …….. la­
ol:w:U.nt atat.a1■trat1Ye aAll lecal pereoaael, of whoa .. run n• eae.
a. lule• an4 lecul&Uon• of Prooe4ure
fb4t aubere ot \a. old tb.ft were auiov.■ to wol’k oat .’4 \h •• fill••
am :replaU011a to afford. tba Joan the ‘be•I poetlbl• obaace ot no••• t•
lhe. tortbcolllng Ju41olal teal• of our method.a ot pl’Dee4ve. fhe Boa.J’4 bel.4
u btarl..a&• util lheee plDoeAun■ were a4opte4 aat pv.\ tato efteet. lotvi
tutau\1111 \be 111 atol’J’ of tha Aol and of the »oar4. wh1oh ••• be de•
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1cr11te4 at one of \wml\uou.• opposU1oa, our nle. of procedur• were to’llrll4
to a•-« 11.,,1. lapnT•• t •• \1•• went oa..
>’·,fte lepl etaff wollce4 la olo•• touch w1 ,it tu Jloal’4. Ohail’Ma lfa44•,
wbo •• Masell &Jl. altl• lavt•r• •• eap•ctall7 aulou• to kaov vhal •• ?· . . . . , ., ‘ ‘
goiaj &i ln 1he whole o1’gUisaUon, a.Dd to be olo•el7 a4Yleed and oonftll9’
•• ‘° a\ep• lMdin« to ille bte1uinc of aoUY• ope:raUone.
•• laa.4 to taint o•t •• b••’ we oould ‘•• kind. ot aa,erial to be put ta
nicluo• to stlppOl”i the ooattt w.tional app11 oation ot the Ao\ in p&l’\laalu
oaNI., Atte:r \he stite»•r leol.1lon, aa4 lhe aeum tnnd of h;,Na♦.
Oov• 4eoi•toae, w• nev • JaaA aa uphill ttpt to ••tala ,u appll•”-••
of \lie A.ol to laAu\17 paeral.17. :Bat we felt ,hat Coagnta had lale-..t
1, \o apply whereTel” •••••tS.al tnter1tat• oo … roe •• lATOlft4. Ad. to
ve ••• h7 to build record.• whloh woult oollfl.ace •h• courta taotuall7 et
\he lapaot ot the uta.1r laboz- pracUce o• later•••• co … rce ta t.be -.rtl•
C\llar •••·
‘lure w• alao \he Au pro•••• 11n.e; wt 1 tel, the e’t’l4eaoe 011 lhia
1 .. u •• larcel1 neeeptt.lal• ot Ju4.loSa.l aottoe, laolu41DC ,tau.e·U•• ot
a,n11:e1 aA4 their .-., .. aa4 tile M.slory •f 1el1’-orpalsalloa u4 otllNll,Y•
Oae of our earlier pl’Ol:1•• aleo •• \o 4″1•• •n•• of o1’4er■ to atfort
proper :rel1et, tor eaapl• ill a 0011paq ut.oa oaff, ol° ln ca•• of a
‘beeau.•• prtd..eoeeeor board.• W. -• p:rogreaa la Ud.t 4ireo’1oa, and. ve bl4
\he ol4 land•Jk ••• of Im rallva7 olel’lta u.d.er \u l’lailvaJ’ Labor A.ct, la
vhloll Ohlef JusUee Ille•• WJ”O\e the •Jol’ity opf.aioa of the hp”• Court.
• Ju. 311 u. s.
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!he Board 414 _, 41itt. li •• aleri &D4 all:••· Whea we Jaa4 our
pl’GOft11N8 ou’11u4, aDll ov method.a of ooDd.uoUaa hearinp folalate4, ll»
Joard called. t ‘• fl1td heanac tn Pt ,,aburp. !he loa1’4 ooJMtw.o,et the …
1 ,,.i.t, ra \her tbaA b7 a trW en.miner. !Ma •• the Pna,rl:,apt1 ka:hom
ca,e. 1t tuniahed a good teet tor Iba application ot the Act in the
field. e t laleretat, \l’allapor_taUon. Aa a •”•r of tao,, hove•er1 lhe ••
cot ba417 ‘boagecl flow, larael7 ‘beaa11.1e aft el” \he lloari. 4eo1 ■ton w ‘”k S.,
into \he Ct.i-cm.ll Court of Appeal■ to• the fhlrd. Cll’C’Q.1′ tor atero … at, u4
,hat Qoun ui\’117 tela7ed. 1 ta cteolatoa, eo tllat the oon■U tuttonal kit• 1’1114
to IIOft tonill’d. I.a otheJ’ ca•••·
‘l’hrouch rect.onal office■• eaob harinc a recteal 41ree\or, a ?onal
• att on.e7, am ln•eatlgaton, lleal”ing1 bep.a to be called. oa loan ooa- ·
plat?•• ltn.114 a1te1’ b.TeeUgaUon of alargea ft.led ‘bJ ‘lllliOJ’lt or oplo7.. a.
!bell lu t.nJwsolloA 11 lipUon acai.a■t the loan and l ts ace••• ao•ed iato
aotloa. It eprt&d. all o•er U• oo?tr:,. lllplo,-ei, r•apon4eat• lo JJoa” proaeettac•
wo1114 co 1ato tu 4 1 at:r1o\ oovt• ot the Unl ted ftate• to -.Jola
Ille beartq1, olallllna tu statute -· ‘IUUIIOllt’1’1lUonal aa4 , .. , •1ao. IM
prooud.la«• woul.4 oa-.•• 11″reparab1e taJaq lhl’ouch dtaz,ipUq laboF nlaUoae,
caual111 lncoue.nlenoe aad exp•••• eto. etc. we •bo’llcl ‘be •aJolJMMl.
••ad.opted.a conel a\et pellq of t1p:’1nc eaoh oaae, ratlw1′ tbu
can,tnc tlaro12i1ll a fw teat laJu.oUaa autta v i\h a nspe.11tlea of operatlont
pen41DC their outoo•. Ve wen\ lalo \lie Uatnol oovt• wbenyer a nlt
va, t1l.e4 am •’ t \ b7 ftlin., a •·Uoa ,o cltllllH, tf that ……. appropriate,
or t,7 an•v•l”iDC the 1111• to tbow oav.1• it one 1lad been 1an.e4. We -,pea.red.
• and u.d.er\ook \o conrl.11ce \he 4S.1trlc\ Jwtgee 1n ea.oh tnata11ee that we
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• sho’Gl.d. not be ,nJoinecJ.. Congreu b7 the 9tatu\e had pro’d4e4 a 0011plt\el7
ate(WI\• admaldratl•• proo-4ure, vt:,h Ju.dicial NrifJv ot Joal’l ao\toa ta
tu .th·nlt OOUM of appeal• after \he loan. ha4 4ec1dfl4 ,tie ••• oa l)MJ
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•?•? a.de ltefol’e 1,. So we ooateate4 tba, ooaeU “1\ional •••itoa•
1hould. no\ be touch• out thnnagh 4 1•np’1•e i ajaaotloa 11\lgaUoa. wt
Uld•r the prooedun prond.’4 bf the 0011&re••·
? ?eaul\ w.e ncce•tful. koai of the 41atrlot court• lhro,agboat the
oouat17. on tbe bad• ot oe.reful le,al •rau•’•• denltd laJ=o,1oa1 aa4
penittc loard hear-lac• to proceed. If we loet in a 411\:rlct oeur, -which
va• no, ofld – we puNtled u appeal to the. ct.raa.l t oovt of app-11.
‘lhe total aa’ber of 1,aJ\UU>tion ca••• tlD&ll7 419J)o■ecl of w.1 •-••• •ae taa-
4NCl. YUh perhap• •n• aliblp.cus uoap’1.oa 1». ihe elp\h elrctllt, 1 l>•lleYe
all eYe:ntuall7 were d.iepo•ed of tavorabl7 io the lout, ..,,, of tlua l>efoN
the 9uJ,,roe Court had suetained the O()lllllh.Uou.11\J’ of tu Aot 1t1elt.
We IIOTed aloa, \ova rd ,ne la.pr•• Oourl “1th cel’taln •••• cleolcl..a. bJ:
\he Board ea HCord.• ate at hearince u4er 01u· proo-4.une. W!lile \l:d.t waa
10121g ea the S.,n• Oout-t con.11•1•111′ •’-Fed. ol•I’, 1:t;r 4-,S.ac cer,toral’i,
of lht 1nJucUoa llt1p\1oa. !bie •• the podti.oa ve •1StA. ao •• to
reaeh \he 8’apr … Court for our cons\lh.t1oMl t•et.• uder “h• e\atutoq
prooelure. ta. Sol1o1tor 0.neral, &,\ert JI. Jaonoa, a4b.eH4 to Ihle lltigattoa
poltc, of the lloa1’4. We thought S. \ vaa d.11.e ,he elatute am OoagreH
that the ooa•il lu. tlonal que•t ion1 ebould be 4eol4e4 la \he …., tu aia tuie
ou.tlln-4. oa the l’eooZ”4 •4• before tbe Joan.,. a»t \ln,t,:wb abonl•• taJuol1oa
lltlp,toa.
J>&triaa all th 11 p•r1od we veita faeed vl th a 1tl’Oag 1-,.l at\aoJr, tUtaS.ned.
1a part ‘b7 a brief of ntv pnatnant aem’ber• of the Aaeriaaa bar ..
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‘Pb.er oiraalatel a oareful and le.nctto’ ‘bdet, coatendinc that \he Aot .,,..
uacoa,Uta.tlonal. this ‘brief b•oaa• &ftila’ble ecata1’\ 111 throqho,d ti.
couJ17. · % haYe alwq• c,.uu114•n4 th1• -paritcul.al’ oa.apa1p aplul the ..
,tatul•• in the f ora of a brief ao\ tiled. la a oa••• of Tel7′ cru•tio•?l•
profe.1eioul propriety. Ye\ Uu, brief •• 111ned b y •• ot lhe hl&he•’
a’4.ml1DC at the bar. I make no genera l or! Uci■a of ,b.e,e laW79r1. 7h11
wa• a parUaalar abern.Uoa, a• 1 av lt, of epeotal and lbd.led cbar••’-••
4. !he Ooaatt\utlonal ‘-•••
A ••• an•• 1n ,ae lAu• ♦ ko•hlta 1111). -plant ta Peu•7J.•ula, a
J:ma• latentale op•raUoa. I\ reoelftl ore aad. raw •t•riale h’oa ••’ of
e\ate la lm&• qwua.’1Uee &1111. eht.pp-4 ll• pro4uo’9 all oTel’ t he United
State•. ? oa1e would. tvaleh a. fair teaU12& ot the applloaUon of t he
etatute to .maJmfaeivtnc on a large eoale, where ,a lnduatr7 1 helt W.
.national ramiticatlone. Ve moTed 1, on as well a, we o oultl toward t he Sa.pr••
Oovt. Another oa•• aroH la Ohio, at the plut of ‘1’1• laP,ba,f
!aili1r Qoaau:- alao a larc• IIU’ll.!Mtv.nac oparauoa nt not •• mce ••
loaee. 6 X.qJiU.a. there •• a \h11’4 11Uutactv.r1nc •••• ldn4MB::lun:
Ian•., a olo\l:d.131 aa.mtfaeta.rer la ‘1rgtala, 1oaeu … r•f•rN4 to •• ••
ltt•l• ana.taoto.J’er. • but t111plo7iag abou\ etp, lnuld.rel people. It. llk•
1reubad aad. Joa•• & La11t1hl.1n 1 drew 11• ra” aatarlala fna aoro•• •’•’•
liM• 1ato the plant ln. nrciaia &.D4 1hlpped i •• pro4ua,e es,•ui ••17 la
inler-1tate oo … ro•. Ille•• three O&HI became the ••hlol•• tor \be con1’1-
tu.U.oaal •••’- of tbe appllcaUoa ot \he .lot to aanutao,mnc.
the v-11 lmovn AIMPiAid ltlll •••• grovlag 011.\ of the 4lao:harp of
an uplo,-.e named Morrl• Va\ soa becau.e of allececl act1•1 ‘Y 1n the lev•-
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paper °’1114. vaa to t••• the appl1cat1on of the Ao, \o a larc• 1Atenta\•
oo-.at•Uon. eatal’prl••• vl th aen gathered fTO■ all oTer the vor14 aal
dl••••’-‘ to llk• ezteat. · ftd.• left tnn9p•riatlon. Ve b&4 bepe4 ,..
,, .. inns• Gru:tao11d ••• w1114 ….. aloag, ‘bv.,. a• tl&tecl, 1 t -· lefl
\1114♦01.AaA in 1he third. olrout •• In the ••a’1• uothel” •• &Talla’ble 1.aTolvtnc
a l)ua lla• out of Vaehlag\011 lato Vlqlm.a, a 111&Uer operaUoa
tblla 0H71!ouad, bu:, 1 t ‘beoame our tn.1urporta’1oa tea\ •••• !hue, n
luaiab.etl the Sapr … Ooun \be opportw\J tor a broa4 renew of the a.a-·
•Ut•Uoal applioaUoa, ot tlle atatute.
J al&h’ 1aterpo1•’• bere a 11Hle taot4•’ a\o,a, tile EtU1t\DIS1 kc•
ha\114 •••· Mr. Bolten Watt,, •••ooiate geHl’al oau•el of the Boad, a
••’lfl’ abl• laW7er, particalarlr eo11peten\ — altbolaeh aot 10 11■1114 – t.a
ll”ial writ, p:reeented tbt m4ence ‘before the 3-l’d. la nppol”\ ot tlla ooa- .
plaial. ‘When t.he Board. bad a.de t ta order r-.itnq CM”Min atfhsaUff
aot1oa to be ulcu. b7 \he comp–,, laoludt:n« rela,tatau.t of eo•• apl•N•••
aa4 \bl reoo1’4 wt ftllil w1 \h the Oircul t Oo-.rt of AppMl t for the Nn.
ClrcraU tor eufol’OD••’· Kr. ..,,. a.at t la ,,,,. oov•• wen.\ • to Pblla-
4elpht.a to arcu \be oa••· . 0-0,art •• 001po1el of he1141q l114p
Joaep11 Ja.ttla«to.11, lu4p Ttotor Vool••J’, and Jwlce J. Varna Da•t•. l114ge
Jutttn.&’on w.1 then I tld.* la hi I el1llHelh J•r • * vat eouvlal llard. of
bearin,c. la arr:, neat, vben I tlood up ta the flu 014 oourtrooa to .beala
the ar,waent, \he followlnc, n’b1tan.Uall7, oeca.rre4. l eatd Uat the •••
aros• through le,tllatlon enae,.a under 1M oo … ro• olau,e of tu Oo».•Utu\
lon.. h4c• htfucto• t.a,enupted u ad, leuJ.n, a bi, fol”WaN. aon••
the beach, ea14, “Whal’• tbatt•
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X taid the case an•• umer the oo.-.roe olauae of the Con,tl “111011..
Jle …. ,. IJ)o 70\’l bave 1’11
I ea14 ao, 1 414 aot •… a Oo,J’ ot Ille Qoa•tU.v.lioa v1t h ••• ‘bv.t l
ref•’t’re4 to u, poattloa la the Ooad1’1lttoa. •• a.t.41 “Vb.ere 1• lt-t•
I 1’9pe&11ecl. 1.l!’tlcle 1. Seolioa Ylll, olauae 3.•
le tb.ea 1&14, -Well I bl.Te 1 t. 11
‘l’aereupoa, be look fro• the beaoh or fro• hi• tJOoltet -… t •.11 not w.n
whloh – a a1 .. ll t•l• booltlel contat.Jdac ,i. \ext et Ille Oon1’1 •dloa. ••b-
41 ri.494 ?\:bai- pl&iJll.7 la•o 1,1 cU.ftenal artlole• u4 aeotloaa. 4114 Jae
hucle4 1t to ae &ONII ,_ 1:teaoh aa aalcel M to polat 011’ \h(t QUU.te. I
\ook the 11\tle \oolc aa4 loud lhe ooaen• olaue aid. lllu4ed 111 ‘baek lo
h1a pelatinc to the al•••• a.ad 11aH., •’Jber• l, 1 •· •
le then leaned \aok and 1ouval allfllbl.7 read \.be oouero• olau1e:
•”‘ repla\e co•ene w! th the tontp aaUoa1. and. amoa« tbe anerel
eta.tea and vUh the Indian ,,.s.be•.” ftt.n he •14, ‘Are \here 8%17 foretcn
uiioa• 1a?l•e41•
· l aai4 ao.
a. eat4, •.1.-. •»>re aao- Ia4.taa tnlJ•• lawl ‘f’tl4 t •
I ea14 ao.
a. aa14, •ti ma, l)e co••”• allODil \he ••Tenl eta\ee. •
I u14 that vat OGl’no,. Be \hea alke4 val 1h11 lav had to 4o Vitb
co … ,.,. IUIOD& ,_ ……. l \ho pncee4e4 vtU1 1!/ll’ •f’l’Wle•I wtlbo”al la-­
\errup,toa am vtt• appa1’8atl7 ••”17 olo•• a\tentlon.
1 waa neTel’ qaite eve •137 Iv.de• httln,toa vent tbJ’oualt tlat little
perfol’llUoe wt.th •• OU aiahl sp•oula’• about 11 •
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The A11P1ia)c lftll ••• oue UJ) ,brougll \he Seoon4 Oirmt. a.aA iGMI
t k3Jl>aU1 tuough the ftttll. lorallF l, waul.4 bl.Te ‘beea talta to th•
fhlrd. Olroui\ lna.t \he 0ollpall1’ d.14. lnultne•• 1a Bew Orl•••• and 1>•0&11•• ef
the 4-3.q we were •zp•ri••lltC la !eer\DPSI iuzhAPPO ve 414 ao\ CG
lbel”e. lralJeat -· S.a the 9lx’1, Ctrcuu. ad lnden-•rn MIDI ln “‘·
Secoad.. ‘lh1• ooapu7 414 bu.elD.••• 111 lfev Tork. Althouch aol’lll.llJ’ the •••
agalati it vo12l4 :b&Te ,on.a to ibe Younh Oil’ftU, w had a oholc• aa4
wt•Md lo ht.Ye a –.taotvin, oat• ‘befon \he hoelld Ol.l’ftlt.
llearlac• ver• Ml.4 all4 cl.eoltlona atle )7 ,he Board. la u.117 oOi.er ••••
aotwl tllatan4lq ,a. 1a.taAe’1oa 11 Uptloa.
!be priulpal •–••• agatu, th9 ooa1tituUoaaltl7 of lhe eta.ht•
weft twatol4. ftnt. 1, •• •14 OoDCN•• attei,W \o GOTel’ too mob ea4
bad. e,aceeded. the •••l”O• power eYea. if a atalv.te of are U.at ,.a appltaaUoa
would ••• bND 1’&114. A aore 4Uf1nll que1ticu1. a• U ■eeaed lo ••
w.1 wheth9r lbe ru.aUoatblp of the ooD4eue4 ufalr labo» pl’8.0t1o•• to lhe
proteeiion ot tntentak oo … l”o• •• too ladtreo\ or reaole. !he a.t”I\UltJl’
that it •• piul npport fro• IONIIUu. reoeatlr deou..a . Vn4er our
4’a.al •1•’•• of aonl’IIMII,, f e4eral uA ••’-• ,11ae oev•• ••• teep Ille
balance \e\wee». wbat t• local &Ad. what 1• na.Uoaal. what ta ialiw.•••• u4
v.bal 1• tatel”atat•. 1, –.. ooa\eale4 lbat the replatloa of uafalr laber
pnoUo••• hadq ,o d.e vi.th aa uplo,er’ • 1.atlCS.ia.te nl.altou v1 th bl•
eJPlo79ee, vtMtUaer be oo”1.4 41•••rs• \hell, tor uample. for wea ••t1T1 t7.,
•• ta the local al’•• IYea it ll\e c)ala ot nu.la Ill.pl neahallJ ba.ve
laten’-\e PepercuHlou 11: •• aald. I.bl• •• la41no\ aa4 toe l”UOle ‘9
ooae, w1,b1a •• faenl ooaerce power •
•
•
•
– 98 –
‘l’ht:? teel1ng varied w1 thin \he !oard organization as to whether we bad
e. aood chance to euetaln the ■ta tut• ln 1 ta application to anv.faetunn,,
ain1Xl,I, and \be like, \tbieb. d.e eHential if the •te.tute vaa to bave a
broad ,u•• of op•nUon. I vaa f’air-17 oontident in aUuaUont where tl:w
man:o.tacturing conaem. a! is generally true, e1 tber d:rew 1 te auppliea or
•hi”!)ped 1 h products from or 1a ln\eretate couerce. Jut due to the recent
deelatons i n Sogch\er. Og,ftv? and ilUmd ittiumen,) thic •• bJ no
mee.n1 the do•l•at new of our la’lf7era.
I thought lgb,tchter dealt with a 41fferent problem. there •• no
•’\1’1ke there ao,ua.111 lnterrupllag interstate colllillleroe. Qaft’g was oloeer
to our &i taa’1oa. Jut we took hope from the fact ,hat Cbief J’u.■Uce lt.,.pe•
Aid not ?ola tn the uJority opinion in hUtX• !be 41ttennoe ‘betveea hla
Tieva and those ezpreued 1• the htherland pH’YB.Ulag opinion vat, I tel\,
1nd1oa.t1..-e ct the ditferenoe the Chief JuttS.ce aip.t feel betwen thtl Ooal
Act and the lational Labor’ 1\elat1on■ Act. I also had aome hope that Ju,tice
Van Deftn\e1″ aight be vilh u,. beoauae of hl• earlier declaion1 1 parttcularl7
ln \he empl•T•r•• U.a\111\:, ••••• Darit.lC a ,oocl part of h1• teaue
on the Oourl .he had. ta.ken a broad vltnt of the ooJ1BHrce -power. I wa•t
epeoulate further about ma”bere of the Oour\, but I 414 feel coat1deal of
ov.r coa.,ti tu.Uori.al argument. I thftgh\ ou.r poeUlon vould be accepted a, a
logical ccu1aeqaence of the better preced•nh, includine the WQlCPIM Qpal
and ltAtAm §MAI Qg,\\1t1 ••••• ru.d 1ti tb. HIie of ihe Tiewa •?r•••ed 1a
l?af(ard •. lal,laca and Ch1.oy1., load A’ Ztut v. Qlll.A· thoqh I d1d not
•?••t to win. o n’ the •o-oallecl ••treu of coameroe• thee17 of lkffori ..-.
Wal,las;e. Bu\ eome of the etatementa of the op1nton la that ••• as to the
•
•
•
.
… . .
– 99 –
ted.•? pover to 0011.,rol local aoUrl ties 1’e1’e applicable to our d tuaOoai
\hat\{,? 1, le aot deoiein ihat the •tter 1’egulate4 la loesl tt lt•. ?•”!’,, .’•;.-..:, .. :··.
pao-7′:;.; . .·’ .. , .i•; ·”. ?r-?:•’!,.:,$;·;.::,J-?,\’•:: l”•ta t •. -?”.. ?· ·.. :· .. ·:.-.:·:.: ·__ · ·-JiCJ”i.” Mule7 llaecl •• lolloltoi- G,eneral,
Mr. :02-rlei A. Hore)Q’ aA4 Mr. Hen-r7 M. Bar,.
wlth an a\le. ttaff, laold??/
Mr. A. I. 1ellel” we )o.-1″oveil
fro■ the .Aati ‘\ru.a, cu v1atoa of \l:Mt :Depe.rlll8At of luattce aad Mr. Cbarlet
W,,z…-ai from the Depart•ent of Labo?’. We bad an able group \oo, tt0•• ot ,
vbo• X wtll refer \o 1a,,r. .b4 ou eoonoml•’• g&Te ftlu’ble help, a, ,?
bad.. ..s. · Ml’llel’ e\aget of •• l&earlq1 and l1Ue&Uoa, 111t4er ·• lla.Yi4 4.
Sa.po•••
IAe hpr … Coun pu.,e4 oerUon.ri ta tM fl-•e •ae• l ••• … ,,o..a.
ln t)Je •ma.taoturlac oa•••• /111• A l,,a,chlt;. Mt!an-llrn; !ADI U&l Z.,.­
J:au.f. • cUfferenoe of opinion e.n•• betwee the SolioUor hlleral ‘• 1t•ft.
a.Dd. our•el•es a• to \he brleflq of ,ne oa.t••· Oae eobool of though\ ••
ot the Tiew v• t.hould 1tr1Ye to via iont! ♦ k»cl\11,Jl• \heJ’eb7 plnla1 lh.e
appll?’•o• of \he Aot \o .,..,,, large •nw1’•o•nnc •••rprh••• but \bat it
ve ?r••·- etronclT for Mt!wn-le:rn lam• ,11. llpt”W Oov, •t«h.• y-1,1
aooept ,i. &J”l\\llOI of ov oppoaeat1 that, •• ,u •••nl••’ 1atel’pn\e4 \!Ml
law, tu Oo-,re11 W. o•ernaoW It• co111Hrcte »•””• lmln»f lq ••vbei-.
ln belveen.
We wul4 l.M)t aooep, \Me v1ev. belienng u \o be ineoa•i•hat vi th
the Ooacr•••tonal inten\. l tboecht alao \ba\ 1, dicl ao, alre goocl legal
ee••• bel.len.nc th&, it \be 1\atu\e applied \e ,Ism,• 6 k»cblla 11 appll.t
\o lrJ.,e,a..;Hanz ·HI$•. l had. 11 Ula fat \h la ,_ •• ,,. .. of oo … ro.•
theo17. U&lel” vhioh t t was tboup\ the Oovi •l«.h\ aoo.-p\ \he 1ta”1te• •
appU.oaUon to Jou• + Lavhl,la but no, to IJ1t4Ma-hn:r •rt•-
• lOC •
• •• wen told \be SoltcUor General had aooephd. tu mor• l1m..•e4 viev
•
•
of lll• ,ta.ff, but r rep11M 1W could. not to to wJ. lhov., 11,,amac lo •••• Se
a Jolal •n.t•na•• with the hlle1tor O.unl •• uruced.. fh.e ooaf•1’•••
•• ‘i, 4•t•rlliae bow to appNaoll tu h’s,,r••• Covt w1 ,b \he lt•ti aha.a•• of
111.•iaialDC \he api,UoaUon of ,_ 11’1L\\1\e 1011evMre be70nd later1tate baa►
,oi-taUon and. 001111\UltoaUon. Mr. Macrwler wae oallef. baok. Ml”. fbotaa•
lee4 .l’owll. I 1’el1ne then the pl!inotr,al teaaber of aonatit11U0Ul law al
lanuA., •• aleo oalled. in. !he Joal’d group laol.te4 Mu.ten. Ve aswu.-4 ·
it e\lt ltefon the loliotlor O..eral. le 4M14e4 wt\h ‘1l• Board. Be nl4
nr poas.tlon •• a laW1•l’-llk• and naacu:aUe ••• u4 lf va vitW the
•••• &l’C\led. Oil a ‘bna4 ltatt a lbe Go-renueent sllDv.14 4o ao. lfhea ti.. 4►
ol•l• a• \o scope of i,naentation w.1 Md.a there•• ZLO reUoan or laok
of oill oa the parl of hle 1te.ff in bl’ieftng \he •••• in the ‘best ,0111-
bl• lll!dUl8r. We ooatu\Mld. \o vors olotel7 wt \h th.ea.
the oral &l’IWI•’• ot tu ca••• -ok: plaoe in fe\raary 1937, eborti,
alter lbt preeealatloa ‘br \lle Preel4ent of hl• plu fol’ reot”p.aiaa\toa of
the Jmlataq. lt alpt “11 lae tbat th• Pn114•11••• pla.a avuuecl ……
lld.u la •h• Cou•t vb.loll oeatnn.ted 10 tbe taTOra’1• r••lt. I .., -,.
I felt w •boul.4 wla oil tlle a,no’17 lepl ‘baaia ea ooaaUtu.UOMl law••
t • 11&4 4eYelope4. u4 W been reasonably conft4eat. Uaouch b7 ao aeaaa
IN.re. fll8 ?aelo OftlleUtu\lonalt\7 of t’he 1\alute, aa4 lt• applloaUaa lo
t.a\er1la\e oo••n• 1ttelt. ftoh aa traaeportaUoll au. ooanmioatloa, -4
b••• au\alned. ‘b1 Olm.it Couts. ‘!ba great problea la the lupn• Oo,u,,,
u4 \herefon for lhft oouat17. ,.., <wbe\h.91’ ltt anlloatloa to an.tao’1tl’111C
and mat.q wvld alto ‘be held to be w1 tbla the fe4•Nll oo•eroe 1>0ver •
– 101 –
• While I had no par\ 1n the Prea14u.t• • plaa and. take by turpri••• \1
•
had a potat of fl.WW. l ‘beltaTed \be hpNM Oov\ bad been Nida, ,,,. ..
OOJll:\1\\ttlo-1 4•ot■toaa. I ehlpl7 414 ao, agree ae a laW7eJ’ vl\b \1-
oow.?te 1, -4 b .. n po.nulng. .b4 Oh.let he\loe lbch•• ha4 4111eett4 la
eeTenl en tloal ••••• foi- esupl•• ta the la&lWAl IIUt:tanl oa1es d4 be
would. D.ot ao a• far a• the u.Jori v ln Qgfftz. J’urther, be ha4 Tigo:rouel7
touch\ to••• \be Covt nataln a1.n1 .. -«• lavt. It the $QprY9 Oo\u’I had
follo•e4 Old•f l1&1Uu lfo&be• 1 \hlu the Pr••l4eAt1 , 41aea’1afaottoa •’1114
no\••• r•oW tlt.e ‘•”• that 1.a ‘9 a tnalal at\aok vpoa tbe Oo’UI.
ti. coune · ot Aeoltloa• •• to extnae la 4.laabllng effort, lq CollCJ’eH to
••’ the pro’bl••• of 11- ooun.h7 tl’at.t a evoqly natonecl OMJ.luc• •• in
order. •• Ce11.J’t •• npeat..U.7 1\l’l’alnc towa ■talv.\et, both ■tale aa4
ted.enl, by ••rr t1141Uonable ooa1ti 11a tlOll&l 4eo1 eiont, vi th ht&b.11 reepeotecl
minority opi».ioat Tiprov.■17 protet\tnc v1th1a the ramc, of the Oo•rt l·belf.
!be •1&bJeo\ l■ well bud.led 1>1 Bolter\ 11. Jackeon’• book, ftMI lil.P:tl4• (Ar
l:diOIN Sgpt IT JJ:.. 1941. I touahe4 nob l••• d.•q11&t.J.7 wpoi1 tbe …..
nbJeo\ in. ,tae CIHJ’leto1’11. J.aw leri.ev, J’all lill Uoa ot 1949 • la a toe u■Ulr
pnpaJ’ecl &rliole.
l 414 ao\ like \he pUtloula1′ plaa Use 1re■14•nl prepoH4, vld.oh el.H-
1rlf1e4 Waehtnc’°• am tbe cout17.
tJ.’he l.a’bor Joari. &lg’llllellh — OB la ll dn•tlo a\JB09PMl’et empllllei1MI
b1 \ha ourreao, ot 1neral l•l’I• ,,rue••• laoludlnc ■1,-c1own drlk••• l\
te .. e4 :ratbel’ o44 ‘9 que•i1oa lepllF wbat ffel”JOM \hell new tao\-1.lft
\hat int•r•k’• oo… Ne •• belac flqe4 all o1’er the pla.o• ‘by ■trllce• ct11e
\o ,. Jd.n4 of lllln« the Vacner Act vae 4e•lpecl to preYea,. l \bl* the
• tit-down de’ftlo:p••••• bad a• they wen. me\ have had. a part ln. COlfftao111&
•
•
•
… 102 –
\he court of \he r.al efteo, ou lateretate coueroe of pra.otio•• the Ac”
pro.t4:l,,ttld:. !he J’u.tte•l tlMova t\rike, tor example, ,rew ov.\ of unfair
“<
labo• praaH.OtJ•. these 414 ut J••Uf7 noh an ill? atrlke, b\1.t th•
pno♦Jo•• whloh le4 to thi• laternrp,loa to 1nter■tate ooaJNro• were those
the A.oi u,ch\ lo reJDG’H.
The fl•• cat•• vere argued tn n.cceHlon. lor \hEI :Board ,he U11e ••
41-.1-4-4 betv••n Sol1ot i«»r OeJ:Leral IN4. Mr. Ma44en, Mr. W,an•ld &nd 117self:.
In la11 JU•pantton tor \be Sgpreme Oour\ arp.JlleDta Mr. Bee4 had 1ou
with • lat.o the Sixta Cina.it to share the argueat of \he Zrtvbnf ca••
than. 1ft. • olcl cil’O’ili \ oovt &&Ye ht.a a cUff 10\ll t ttae, ‘b1lt M ad.• a 1004
■tnac arguae11.t. I\ vae al••• illpottible \hen to conrino• U1’ clroui,
court 11:iat the statu.ie coul.4 ap-ply to aamfaatntring. !bo•• oouta took t»
..-1ev \hat if ov •••• v ere \o be di1Ungu.l1hed tro• Q;t;ta, for exaaple •
this should. be d.ou ‘b7 the Slxpreq Oourt which bad 4ec14e4 MflX•
The Sol1c1 tor Genenil. Ma44•n and W’Jr1&J111d. made excellent argument, la
\!Mi SapreH Oourt. 1 •• not able in the d5:riatoa of poin·h to preeent
\hoN’GClal.7 -. oomeroe tbaon••• ‘Int\ Kr. Jleecl ooTeN4 , …
Mr. Joa w. »&•1• a.rp.a. tor the •••elated Pn••• A• 1• well kaon
he l• an aoooapllab.ed •wea\e. Jtr. Bee4. of Pittabttr,:h ar,tleCl fol’ Jo••• A
Laughll.a •114 Mr. Wlll1&11 3. he.be• of Wa1h1qton tor the he Oompa,q. I
th1Jtlr all the cate• were wll presented oa bi-let, and arga.aeate. ‘!’he Court
we.• Ter, quiet, with fffW qtieation.• dv.rln& \he any hour• of preaentaUoa.
The ar,wacta are printed. tn Sea•• Document J’o. 51, ?5th ConcreH,
together w1 th tho•• a4e ill the latl”81’ Labor Ao\ oa••••
After ‘h• pa•eac• of a f ev week• we went down oa optalon 4qe awai ling
the deol•ion1. 0ha1l”218.n Jfadden am I vere there sitttrc elde b7 tide vhen
the opinion.a d.14 come down. April 12, 1937. ‘.t’hq al’e reported in 301 U. s.
beg1nninc at page l.
•
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•
– 103 –
‘1M lload. w.• obliged. lo espaal U• •tatt. ‘Iba wlk look on eDA)ftft•
p10po1t1••• An4 thei-e vu a ••11&47 ‘f’Olue of lt\lp.Uoa reaehlng thll Sapr••
Oout. ln. ,ne Tea ‘beciulnc 1n oo,ober, 193’1, ve llad ti•• or •l•
oa .. , ther•. !he Soliol’°r O.ural •••1&ae4 lball to •• tor arguaea\ if 1
v iabe4, am t o’I’ Mr. Watte, Utooiate Oenenl OoWUlel, would i,reae.nt the&.
le atp.e4 \be wll lm.•• ••• ot Ian T. 11ibl1U11 IM’lb1141ac Ota .. , 303
u. ·fl.. 41 (1939), all4 l ‘• 0011puioa lnRtr\ hYI Qo. •· llbautOtt-. s:>3 tt. I.
M. the•• en4e4 lbe lDJu.oUoa lt. tlpU011, an4 are lea.Alnc oaH• oa the
rtlaUoMbli, ct ,, cov\1 lo a4.m•ta,n.U,Te acenol••· “•”•• by tu -,,.
bad pl&J.S. a cnat nle la \he S.?Uoa 1Ulp:Uo:a. .1’ the l&M 1937
ten I arcuea. Ink Om? 303 u. s. 463, another eOA■’1’1l\tonal oa••• anti.
In. l.ulfio and EMP!JlDPil irtXht»P4 ••••• 303 tr. S. a?a, 303 11. s. 361.
the lltiptlon oonttnecl o••? a broa4 field. the won apree.4 uwl
p1ae4 ta -.olwae. V• v•r• tn all of \he alrou.11 oour\e of the tJ’Jd.\84 IM.\ee
at oa. U• or another, an4 ill ION of th.ea oftea. 1’hl• … n, e441Uo-1
•••• octa11an. ’17 knooklac a, tlut 4oor ot tu hpr•• Ooun. !he On.r, •·•
purou 1:A \atdna ••••• t o ald ill olarif71..D« •• Joan•• Jultliotioa aa4
la pa11tac upoa the ,,.,., of rell•t penai\ted \o \he ltoaJ’fl. A. gr•\ •rt•’7
of q,u1Uon1 aro1e. 1 wtll append a l1et of the Supnae Court ca•••• with
o t tailon• ‘° \he report,. !be renl t w.1 a Ter, broad grant to the Joal’4
of ?u:rll41o\1o.n arA- nae41al autbo1″1t7. ‘!he Sap?• Court tullJ raooeaise4
the ll!Por\aao• of tbe 1tatute alld of the parl the Oov\ 1 ttelt vae called
upoa ‘° plat in 1,, applloatloA and. a4rllal1tn.Uoa. Chief Justice Bucbe•
val pre11Atng dur1Ag •hl• period •
•
•
– 104 –
t ebtlll menUon. I.Md “‘· l1\A)l111t 306 u. s. 601, 111 Yhloh the eon•ttw.tt:
? a.rpm.al took a 11 \tle d1ftereat f on. !he Oomp07 41d. aot t \self
•ld.1(it1 goo41 la later■tate comet”Oe, ‘b•\ aold l:bu 1. O.J. \he ,1.u.,.. ‘fbe
,::,, lnt♦ntade ehlpaent vae aaAe ‘b7 Jaia’bla ti•• C\ll’° .. r. l’•Tel’lbelea1 the
Oour, _,,aine4 the applloaUoa of U.e Aot ia \h11 tactual d ‘1:1.atloa. Jor
11 w.a aot a qv.eaUon of \Ille lo ,he oo••n• bu:, of tbB coaaeroe 1’8elf.
Mr. Ju1tice Molle,-noltle 1ovght 4urinc -., &l’l’WleA’ to draw ou.t bov tar tile
hard 1nieale4 lo &0: lie •*• eoae\llia, \o lhe etfeot that 1t a pant,
pr••••• 1:a Wev Tosic •••• a pair of paa,1 aoro11 the elate llu lato Jlew
J’er■er vould. \b.e cloal’d ••• Jurlacltolloat I ud.4 I thou«ht .,,, beoau• l
np:poae4 the 4-o\rlu 41 alNDI, applica\le ln law ce11en.U7. volllA applJ
to \he •–n• power. Mr. lu1t1oe Stou, vbo ¥1’0\• the opild.oa, a14 uaa,
the sl& MIWI nl• clld. ael apply \o the cp&anU t7 lnYOlTed.. I belln• tbl•
1 • the firtt :ref .,.enoe lq’ ,ne Cow.rt to tlMI s\1 a\liDI Nl• 111. a oou,1 tutlo.aal
•••·
!he oncia of ,ne ‘1P• ot order \!Mt loan uee4 in a oo-.:,aJll’ doll1•te4
ut.oa caee ut.ta,et tlle Joan., ant oaa ‘• ,n.ael ‘ba.ok to tu :ratlwq
elem• ••• X ••• •aUe••• !1n• A la OiJ.MM 1111,u: Qa. •• 119:lblrMtA
ot t,31xu; <A•••? 281 V. s. 548, orlc1ull7 deoH… by lwlc• J’oupl G.
111.toheeoa, aov am for aalfl’ T•” oa the ftf\h Olroa.it, th.ea a 41s\r1o\
J-,• 1n !ene. ·IJb.e 1411e■ta?ll ahllea\• ord.er which there 1-d. 1 l• oriel•
•• a4ophd b7 ,he Boaz« la S.otioa 8(2) •••• u4 wa• n.atat.ue4 ‘bJ’ the Sta.pr••
Court 1:a the 2Mie0 I fbnlMmlll 9’Ul7 cue alr•dJ’ ret•n-4Ml ‘°•
Other on\e:ra of \be load. were important la -.kln.c \he Aol efteotl•• )7
Nmel71DI ool’l41…, ‘bTOU&ht about br utalr labor pn.a’1o••• 1Jl0lwt1nc the
• rel•1tateJ1en’t of ?lo7″‘ wl th baalr J>&T, vbloll vat exp1’e11ly autherlsecl ‘b7
the 1ta w.te.
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– 105 –
fhere were alao pro\leae of adainiatl’a.tiT• laY in term• of tair l>l’Ooe4-v;.,…
One erl Uoal p•riod crew o,a,\ et the lema oaae, 298 u. •• *• ·
,.-biJ,i.,.. 11p t:tanqh ·\he J)epartmeat of Aarioal ’11N la 1937•1931. the
hpa:• Oous-t nle4 ••t a teaieloa of the S.ontar, of Acriftlto.n. u.14eJt
the .Packer■ aai S\odqan.1 .lot, wa■ llfflll.14 ‘beoau,e he had aot n.ffioten’17
ooa1ldend the reaord., or afford.ad the paYUet degute opportuaUr to 01’•
tata h1• oont14erat1oa ‘befere he j{aae ,he final d.eolaion. !lie ••• •• on.
,reundou.1 1-,or\alloe lo ,u loal’d am\ ether aceao1••• A larp parl ot ‘•
‘bar u4 mob. ot t-Jae pr•H ooa■i4erect ll a 1erin• ‘blow, partlalllarl7 to ,i.
lia”bor Board, vbloh •• ‘IID4el’ ••Yer••• altaot.
the po11l\l• 1….- et the teoiata crw ov.t of tae taet lllat la ao•
….. •• ilL tu,muaa. i!t:rWtlHllr the Joard t \eelt heaJ’tl tu end.nee ·ma4•
it• own f1n41.llp and 4eo1elon vltbout u iatenaedlate repor, of a tlial
exalllaer, while la other •••• a trial eaatur pndded an4 would uk• bla
fta41nc• a.ad. reoo•eatlaUoa■ aa to the ord.el’ h e tbo’UCht pl”Cper. the par’
1•• could \hen Ille oltJeaUo•• before tu loan. and argue th.ea orall.7 ♦I’
oa ll’lef•• at\er vhlell Ul• llMJ’t, w1\b the attl•taao• of tae rmev ihinea
of ,u loan.•• lepl •tan, •d• t ,, 4eol■loa. Aaollle? •’-‘ •• tor \he
le&H to 4eo14e \)le oaN v.l th the aa1l1uaoe ot the r..t w 11 ‘f’llloa H’ 1 t
vt•ucl, which VAi 11Ral, after the t11.al •Did.a.er W takea the \eeU■oa,’.
la the•• aa.o• the paa-Ue1 vere ao\ hntebecl fhd.111C• or nc……,attoa•
of 1.ti. \rial n:uiae• or propoted. fl1141AC• or colLOlueion• of ,tae Joan be•
fore. flaal Icard. 4ec1e1on. The loafld.’ • peU \loa fo1′ entorceaa, of 1 ta ol’der
ia –)J.iq bttl-. Ju )HA filed. ln the th11’4 Olrou.U. f.ben had ‘beea a
le.D&’\t>, b.Mriag ‘befon a ,11.a1 examlaer, ‘b11:, the Board bad 4H14ed. •• ca••
without a tr1al ••lllaer•• report, aD4 without itnlng tenta’U:n ftmlnp
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of 1 \1 own. Aaother lapor\ant caee in the . pftlotld.unl tl tuaU011., •••••Ual:Qi,
-· lod IAlor. -peY.lJJC ill U1.e Sixth Olrov.1,.
?>tJ,ad.er \he atat•••• a otl”cm.lt co•n of appeal• 414 not o\taia Jvlt41.a- .
?’• ,
Uo• Uiltll the Jeal’ll l’eoorl -· fll-4 w1 th tlMI OOUl’I. fhi• lid. .. , ….
tone la hR»li&O l)t.t1 when. &am11 •• 4ee1414. the Joan. •*8’ • lo a4-
n1e whct,ner, in \he l iCh’l ot lsU’CM1 ‘h• prooe4ure tb.e lk>al’d W followed.
1.u l,pblit Dul and lAm, we11ld be nl\&11194. l ac1.Ti■ed. that ln rr, op1111on
tht J>l’Ooedue •• a4eqaate, la con.ta,, w1 th \bl\ i>ae hpn• Onri laai l’epll,ate4
la Blau. ht tat 1• •1ev of •ma u ,.. uw1 •• to na tlle
oa••• tn their pr•••• poatu.n. l coua■.i.a. thal the Boa.1’4 .-.aoaet.4.•r tau.
11•11.e ta.tattw fiacU.act. ciY• pent11toa to Ille parU•• to f11• o\Jeo’1oa•
thereto, and lbu. nleo14e the ••••· fb.e loanl. aooeptecl thi■ a4Tloe aDll
tmpo1e4 upoD u.a the•• of centac lct)ll; llltl l>aok ho• \ha !hix Ol•cu.1
t. We f1le4 a moUoa to ,., end., a4n■1ac the oout tul.17 am tre.u:J.7
of ou plant to ••’ a•?A• the oJder of lhe loa’l’d.0 to leeu.e ,ala\i”N ooaoluto111
u4 f1D41nca, •••·, an4 ‘° n4eo14• ,he •••· fb. ooapaD,f oppo1ecl,
a,p&1’;entl7 aol vlald.111 •r• •• pn••• than 1, W o’btata.a. 1, hope& IO
toubl to ‘b•t ,11e Joan •”” the llea4 ‘b7 l”•aoa of Bam1 !Jle aJ.l’fti\
oouJ’t J’efQ.ee4 ou requ•t aJld 41reote4 \he loatd • fll• 111.e i-eoorct., .Woll
vow.4 llaTe ••••• •• oour• .s.,i. Juta4lotloa. We took ti. a Her-, .tth
loltollor 0.nenl Jaokaon.. and. ‘814 ht.a \ha\ lt,,. tailed.. a• w aow ex•
peo,… ttl the ‘lbld. OlN’llU, ‘° r-1• oontrol of ,he proo.e4ll.lCI, w
vlshecl hi.II o• behal.t of \he Joard. to flle. aa on,t.w 1>•Uttoa la tu a. …
pr•• Oo’l’lrl tor a mt 41nott4 \o ‘\bl Jwlc•• of I.be !bird Cll”Ol&l’ to reqa.lre
\hell to nl••• twsh 3urtdtottoa at ’11.eJ’ ola.1–,. \he7 ha4 anrl penil
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the hard ·to do what tn good ta1 th 1 t was t mn.g to do. Mr. J’aolcson aa1d
that .he ‘WOul.4 \e delighted \o d.o ao •
. lre vent baok lo Philadlllph1a for rearguent ot O\ll’ soUoa for reooa•
id♦n.Ht.a. lt l r•ember lh• exact pleadiq. Our ana12«emen\ w1 \h the
Solicitor 0.eneral’ • office wa, tat if our aotlon ver• denied. – •• we uUclpa\
ecl – the paper, which ver• read.7 for an original application. lo \he
Supren Oourt would be tiled. tbat afternoon, a htctq. ‘!he ‘tb1r4 01rw1t
adhered. to 1 t s pod tion a!ld So11c1 tor General J’aokeon. on ‘behalf ot th•
Joar4., tiled tbe petU1011 ln ,he Olerir•• office of ,b.e Supreme Oour, tlle
u.ae af\el’l&Ooa. lo doub\ the pap•r• wel'”e olrculated to the •••b•r• of the
Oourt for tbe1r aollf•rextoe ea Saftl”UT. On Mon4q. 11hea Soltoltor Geural
J’aclt•oa preeea\ed the peU Uoa 1• open OO\lrt Obief luaU.ee lklgb.ee Mi4 that
lee.Ye to Ille would be granted, a nle to 1hov oauee would be 1Hued oalllq
upoa the Jude•• ot \he !bll’Cl Otreui t te ehow cause on Monl&J’ n.esl, a’\ zioon.
vb7 the relief eou,h, ahDuld not be cranted1 at ‘Which time \lie 0o’4lrt woul.4
hear arcwaeat. I plann.ad to llalce \be arawaent for the Joa.rd bat ia \he lntene»iq
weu ven.\ to 8aftauh to glTe • talk a\ the Jona ,i:.ere on the
vol’k of the Joa’NI., upeotin, to •• oDl.7 one Jd.ght. After U• talk I ..
don w1 th an aou,e •••• ot appenlllcUl• and •• operated oa at St. J’otepll.1 •
Ho cpl ,a1 lhe tolloYi»c da:,. Ma-. Watte argued the •”•r for \he Joard the
follovillil MondaJ’ with hit u.1ml tlne a’bll1t1. Mr. Joteph w. Hendereon, another
able laW7ei- aDl •n of oharacter, who beaa.111a pre114eal of the .laerlaan.
Bar Asaooiatioa, t hen one of \be ai\orne71 tor the Bepubllo Steel Oompan,-•
pre1ealed \he •tter on behalf of tbe Jude•• of the eourt. Mr. Luther Da.7,
no leH ellh.eat. aon of fo111er lu•’1oe ‘DaJ’. and aln oouaael to’f! tbtt Coap&Q’,
t believe also arp.ed tor the Ju.dee•. On the f ollo”1ng Mon4a1 the Court
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cam• dovn wlth its opWon. wrlttea ‘b7 luetice &,’ben11, eu•ta1n1ng the poslUo•
•f Ille Board. la rt 11)1,w kbot 1tJ.atto11 JoUA, :50-‘ v. s. 486
(19•}?
“Ve hLi4 a mar• pleaaan, 1a1’1al- experi.en.oe 1a Ille lad. oa••• Al \’ho’qll
we MA filed the reoo1’4. and the ooun aocorrllnd-7 h&4 Jme41ottoa. •• appll..t
lo ,ae six,h 01rcu1, to remalld the ca•• ,o the loatod, 10 that further
prooedul”e ooul.4 be had.. The Oovl 414 ao. Ford peU ‘1one4 the Supreme
Cout ta..- a writ of oerUoan, whtu wa, «NAtecl. l arca.t4 tu oa•• oa
be1-lt of tu loan.. ‘l’h• Sapnae Oovt n.etaiatd. ,he llnll Ctroal t la oae
ot the Cblet heUee•• fl••’ ieot,tou oa a4aia1atn\iTe lav, partlOtllaJ’l.7
oa \he Nla:Uoathlp ‘betvMII 1he Jdlo:lal am ,be e4ala1•tn.UTe tuaeUoAe.
Z1n•mr Qa. •• 1au,w MME 1,1&\loAI IMd? a,t v. •• 36-‘ (1939).
In •• Maggy W1a ePI !fl.Mmk Q.oaau: ca••• 004 tJ. 8. 333, which
oaae to the Oeurt late1″, tbare bad alao been no trlal ezud.ne:r’• report or
ten\atlTe loari. tll\41qe. !be Oolll’t neTerthel••• c1talae4 this pl’Qcedure
•• ooa•i•teAI with du pna•••• %a ot>-r wor,h, the pno•u• of. the loal’4
laY1>1Te4 ta \l» lou)lig ftttl am .lui •••• •• Tall4 aotvf. ,hataDl.iq tbAI
KodM A•ot1S.oa. h.t I aeftl’ nant\84 •• oo’llfte •• a4opt8′. 1′ h WI.
reoolleaUoa ,i:aa,, al\hnp aot reqm.m lJ’ OoaaUta.Uoa or a’8.tute1 vllea-­
enr the Joan\ \berN.fter a4e a 4eo11ioa vllhoul a 11’1.al Ui&lllner•• repo1’t.
1, law.ea ,eataU•e ftmlnc• ot tt, ova before flul 4eoltloa ..
·!be oppo11Uoa now aupte4 aew atnbod.•. 1’hou oppo•e4 to the Act ao
401111’\ had expecltld. to be l’1d of 1 t la laiga pan lhnnlch J1Jd.1olal deo1 etoa1.
• 1h11 falling the1 sought both to aaend. the A.cl &Di pu\llol7 to dlsoredtt
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,be 1r0,• of the Board. 11 a M\tel” of faot, howe-t·er, ao,vt theilandbl,a JaT••
??Uon• IJ.D.d llea.rlBC•• before the 1peclal S.Uh Co•tttee, Iha Se.-,.
·.:,::·•’. ‘ . :
Oo•?t••. •• 14v.oa\1oa u4 J.abo:r aat the Bou•• kbor Oolbli t\ee, ao -.n1? ·
,,;••, . ., ‘
:?\;/.: ., , ‘ . ‘ ‘
aeat:11otaq con.aeqa.eaoe WN eu.oted uUl 194’1, vb.ea the Tatt-lanl•t Aol
•• j?••-• Jut the lloard. tu.tac all of \hi.a per1o4 aner had. nu.oh peaoe .
ar 4tulet.. Pow•rful elemenlt ln ,he cou,q oppoeetl. the .tot due to aa uvll.l:t
ncne•e to penal I ‘be eJll.&rgeunt of the 1nfl’llldce e f unlori.a am\ of the
nci\•. ot e11>lo1ae• Jl’OMOIN 1,,- ,he .lot. ‘1h11 1• wad.,rl\aadable, for t-1-‘
4oa 4o•• oae will1JIC1.J’ Cl.,.. 11p power ou u.11•• n«hu,- to ‘belenc \o •••
1Co1\ ot the eppo•I Uoa •• oa tb.e part of tho•• vbo not oal.7 ‘->uclll \he
a’8tute \o be uncoutlw.UoMl, but. vh1t11 \ha\ •• 1etllecl1 felt thal ta aq
…. , t\ repr••••W “be4 peU,07. At the year• be.Te paaaett thi • 1ea’1ilea\
Ut.er ‘the 00111\I. lv.itoaal •••’• our 11 Ugatloa •• oonduote4 dvluc a.
natalae4 aUadt upon the a4m.n111r&tlYe p,oo••• gaeral.17. clue ••aeattallr
le tl,.e &l’Owth of ace1ud.•• ud•r the looseTel\ lelllaU’f’e l’Jl”OCft.11. 1-u
acu,qie1 vel’e CS.Tea 111ltlal “••••tbl1U7 fol’ the replaUoa of tmu.1\17
ta…, reap•o•• •’ aow ‘It.ton. ln a:r•• no\. •1117 of labor i-elatt.eaa n,
ef •rk•’1nc of Mftl’1’1••· ., •• of .,u,,, ••. ecrloulwre •rk•”•· …..
natoatlo••• we•• aa4 blnan, •’•• !he new at.tut•• an4 a4ad.n1•trall••
ope?Uo.a, touo-4 prlft.le 1114:utq amt lndlTldual• in a replato17 IIUMJ”
•n uten•tTel.1’ \haa ner before.
fon.e ot •• qeaoie1 w.1 tubJ•o•• — u4 l ‘hl.ak perhlt.p• ma• la tbe
vbol• b11\or, of U.. eoul17 – \e 1uoh aUaoke a• tu h.bor Joa.rd -1llffll.
lfnenuleH, the faot 1• tlw.t ‘I.Ulder 4eolaloa atler 4 •oldoA ef ‘\be co•rl••
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la mt °’;\at••• 414 m\ Nd •o a.ch on d.eteoUn adala1at:ra’1oa •• oa clup.roo,
jl•ono•t.Uon to ,. J.o\ ltaelf.
•eaa• of dobl& eo ‘° Jota a ulon of hi• ow obolce, aal through •Jor-t,,.
repreeea’6.Uoa. tmlntlunced bJ 0011:p&J>,J domlu.’1011., to di at the •ame
table baiga1n1DC v1 th ,he eaplo7er. ‘l’h11 wa.t at the t”OOh ot the oppoa1Uoii
to ,. >oal’4, th.ea al the oen\er ot oppeallion to adainit\n.U•• ac••cl•• •· ·
1eaen1i,.
tht eltu&Uoa •• ad• .-.a-• difficult ••• \lie Coner••• ot lmv.•111.al
OrgaalaaUoa• w.a to:raed. 1plt.tttac ‘he labor •••••’ ihelt. ot,ea ,,
Joatd. va• la lh• ••’•” alao ot •bl• COJ!ltl’Onl’.,., wl:d.eb w.e no, ebp17 lt•tve•
n emplo7Ht a.D4 eaploy•r•• but between the Aaerioaa J’etieratlon ot Labor u4
\he 010. fhe Board vaa aHaokf:14 b7 eaoh •• l)ef..a, partial to the otbar.
fta.e uhal attack, bowe”t’et’, •• tha\ lbe »oard taTored. the 010. !he GI0 we
a.-w -4 r•oe1ve4 u17J11pa.tbe’10 veloome fl”O• \lie Allenoan Jedere:Uoa ot
J.a’bot. WhtHlBYel” ,,. lou4 t.a the nonnal a4alatevaltea ot th• 40t wow.4
proteet ,u n«ht• •’ •• to Joln. the Oto •• ne 1\ld.oa ot ,bell’ olwJt.••• or
wul4 l’lel4 eleo\loa• l• vJdol\ ,i,.. 010 wa• •el•••• •• lhe Hpl’••••Uw,
,he olaal’C• of fa’fOri Ua •• likely \o af’lu, a•lllll.17 “1 tbout 3’11Ufloatlon.
• the Board ,rt.a ‘1’81’7 bud to be falr in. tlll• a’Ue:r. TJ&l’tlcnala1’17 ta
the reepeo\ which toaohecl ,. Aaerioan 1e4ffatlon et Labor •r• al.01el1,
–17, \he pre,enaUoa of ,he ora:t, uioa,. the GIO vat at\e-.p\lag •
•l’CW•• \he uao1″Cald114, lnlt •• tbreatmac ,-. Ofttt,, 111 ■’•el aDl
-.,oaobil• plaata tor .-.-,le. fh• loard vorlre4 out a to1’91lla nova •• ‘ttll
• Globe 4ootriae, vbi ch I 111ppo1• 1 • •• fair •• ooul.4 ban \een 4n1•e4 o.a•
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– lll –
a1a,?il1 vl\b \he prorinoa• of the Act. lt ..,,.. fned.om ia telto
? .. uoa 4etipetl to proteo, ,he craft lt the •Jon t7 of t? craft
J thlDlr 1, talr lo eq· $1-. \ . },, ‘ ,·,
aoroat ibe Board 1n t1ch’1DI -.oh other, altaok1 tn• eouroe• .a.ore an.t-,oa:
hUo lo the Act aipt haTe been l••• efteott:ve \bu. lbe7 vere •
. We -.cte plentT of lll11’8kee oureelnt, of courH. The work apread ••’17
n.,1417 after the .let w1H tuataiaed, tmd. ‘\he e\a.lt bat to be eala.rceA ez-
, … 1..-.i,. We vere ret’ll,re4 to ue •o•• 1a•J:p•ri•oe4 aen who ad caln
e,:perl.eue \hroqh aotu.1 opvaUo a, lUl4er the .lot. Olh•l’Vi•• ve an•r
on.14 ••• o:reah4 a ••ff to uet ov re11pon11blll ii••• flwre vat ••
lta.4 u.:aialatntioa. lo• hearinc• wen •zoeat1Tel.1′ lone. So• ooadut ot
officlalt vae no, all it tbould haTe been. ht 1l ehoul4 alao be 11114 that
IOIH ml •’8.k•• of loari. pereomwl wen :reaoUoa• to tM bi t\erne•• of the
oppod’lt,oa 4iapl.aye4 \7 thote vho :refu•ed. ,o cooperate ln \he adllini.■’l’a\
loa of the Aot. loae laqert were oo:nte1p\uou of Boan hea.rlnga, coa•
,…,b.ou of’ trial eaalaen. o\•lftoU••• u4 lla4e all the 41ff1°’1111••
tbeJ’ oeul.4. Sou -,J.07en of oour•• wen tbe … l clo aot .,…., thlt
•• u –•• for r.a•nl -,101M• to 4o likm••• lntt 1 t 1• all uplaa,1011
ot , … ot ov 41fttnlU••·
Got.111 ‘baok ,o ihe adllllliatn\lTe proc•••• i, wa• oomplalae4 taa\ ,_
fuo\loa• of proMAUoa uA J\\clctna ven coab1».e4, \ha\ hard p•l’tou•l
lafta\lpled., pnaeatecl the •nclenoe befol’e ,u Board, and lhea the Joan
4eol4e4 lhe ca••· lb.ts •• oontUtllUoaal. !be •”•r vat t1toro111bl7 co••
o•er aJ34 4ecU… la t)M original caee• la \u hpnae Gou.rt. re,o:rW la
301 U. s. pp. l et ffq. • 9Ad aca111 ta Ion •• lel!lltht• Ship)a1WPI 9A. ,
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– 112
303 :Oi I .. 41. !he proae4u.re ta 1h11 re1peot followed the pattern loac ••ta’b
ll•Mt 1• aU1a1t,raUn egeao1••• laolu.t\lag ,he ,.aeral fn.4• Ooaa111loa.
Jut ‘{.. ? a:ttaot ga1ae4 uua\v.a ••••iilbel••• \eon•• of Ille powth of af.SA11-
,a,lY• law, U1 lapaol oa a largel’ DU”ber of people, u4 the utn•!•a of
nca1a,oq 1-,1,laUoa. !be renl, ba• beea ,., Concre te •• a a UH• of
poll07 •• changed the prooe4unl ■tra.a\uee ot 80M tie.tut••• with 11ere
1epara\loa of tuaati oa.1. Th11 wa• doae v1 th l’e1peat to the J.allor A.ct vh••
\he !a:r, … BarUe7 Act va.1 pa••• la 1947 aa4 tu ceMral oouaHl 1
• otfioe vat
eepaiiate4 u4 •• aore lll4ap•A4•al ot ,u Boa.rt.
the d”f orh to um lh• lot oon.Uam.e4 tor ,.r,. l.zleaelYe uarbc•
were hel.4 before the Laltor 0oaa1 ”•• of the Boun. fi1″tt \\84er ‘he oa1nan.-
1hlp of Ilea Mar7 lonoa of ••• lerH’I’• •• before the Senate Oo-.Ut•• oa
M11.oat1oa. am J.abor 11114•:r ,he eq-.117 a’bl• cbalraaaabtp of Senator 31.)ert
ftloaa• of Utah. ‘fhe S••’• Jle&riac• wre follove4 ralhel’ oleHl.7 ‘b7 haator
lo\en ,.,,. a auiber of Illa a.-.,. Ooailt••• •• ■J:ion4 aa inl.Ulpat la••
n•t la lu A.a, allJlftch I lMlt..-. l’Je va• tbea t&•I ‘beclnatac lo take :boll
of ii• 1>N’blU1. We “” ooa1u.nll7 before Iba tlan41 .. 0011111 ‘ltee, of
Coacre11 al!d the lpMlal .S.th 0oaa1u… file la\lel’ •• a11 inYedtpUag
coaatt••• aDd. 1>ro•e4 a ao1t t17lq esper1•no• for ••·
!lae .H’OUI oOIIJllt\H hn.rlap aauae4 a tN1Nn4•u• uao1mt of won for
the 19i1al ,tatt, Im• heal’la,1 ‘before 0011111 \tM• eflen ware 1t.D4er va.7 a I
lht … time, tn a441’1oa lo nr ahln:11,nttfl &114 11’1ga’1oa nepoall’billUe•
all oYer \he cout17. ht the Joard bad aa a\le autt, ad Obalnaa
Muclta. wt a re•mll• ma.a of cnat ab1ll If and. clnottoa to hl• work, of
•
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– 113 –
atauoh 1Ategrit7 alll atea41ne11. fbe daft also va• u.niforal.7 4e..-o,e4 lo
ii• ,e1poa11b111\1••• tel, the talk• vere wr,nvhlle and \hat the Bou4 ••
auoo”4taa.
As lal:tor uieu l>epll \o grow ln 11•• the Ao, gala.ad. ta aooep’8Jt,eef
,he rich’ of colleo\l•• barp.illiAC •• n.oh beoaae noa•coati-onn1al i thl
wlk .of the Board. •’ 1n.Uf71.ng approftl 1• ihe ccra.rtaa and 10 there ••
abo?t la the encl a elaanc• of oll•t• •• \o the ‘basio pri.nc1:pl•• iaY01Te4 am
a1 to \he »oa:rd. lltelf. fhowe vbo •ncace4 ta the work veJ”e prou4 of lt., and
Ud.• 8’Utalned thd. net.wt thdan41a, 41ucn••l• t•tv••·
lo•• Uae la 1939 J •• ad:ri•el that Attone,- 0.111ral Jaokaoa whbt4
ae to becoae Al•latan\ Solicitor General, to fill \he ftcaae,- cauced bT Mt •
Golden Jell l•nnc tor vol’k ia the Phlllppiaa•. 1 •• \hen la t!ut 1114et
of the 8Jd. th 1.-eaUpUoa. vb.lob bl4 .ao\ pro1re11e4 ntfiol•llJ’ towal’d. a
conolue1oa tor ae to fwl. fn• to leaft. lxnp\ tor ‘hi• I •• reaeptlT•.
to the •••• •• *’ I ooat14ere4 the offtoe •re lJl!PoflU.\ \baa tbi.t ot
Geaeral Oou•el of \he Board• ‘b11t I •• ea11, tour ,.,., wl till \lie Joart .
.t.leo. l bu. a cr•t a4111nUoa fer laobon. laokeoa left \he offtoe T&O&a’
tor eou Use – I be•U•t• to •&1 en.otlJ’ Jlev loaa fro• naolleotloa –
uaUl l felt ‘ba’• altlloup the 1111th lnn1tigaUoa ?• aot a.acltutei. l\
waa eo near a.a en4 l GO’lllA l ll eoa4 paoe alt• Hle oauce. la OotolMtr 1940 •
after ti•• J’Ml’I aa Gneral Oouaael ot \he »oan.. t n.tcuct oa appolA\Mnt
‘b7 tba Preat4•’ •• .1111,tan, Soltol,o? 0.aeral.
CbaiftllUl lfa44u had then en4ect bl• tera of ftve 1ean1 u4 thel’e ••
• ctU••tlon of hie re&ppollllatat. 1 urged the Pr•a14ent ‘bJ’ latter to reappoin\
– 114 –
• Ma.44-,i aA4 bope4 that be would do •o. Md.den bad. done exlraord.im.r1lT ou.,•
w.n41BC vork •• ebalran. But be wa• not l’e&pJ)o1nte4. ao .. •••r• of
•
•
lhe ,•ntt ltlf\ ,u Joal’4 ao a •oi-\ of pro’••’• l did not ap)lJON ta.1• leoau1e
l 414 aot feel tbat \he Pre•l4en.t neoeeaart11 ahoulct r.-ppolal lla4dea.
I d.14 feel \ha\ he thovld. aot ‘be repudiated b7 ,he Preei4eal, and he wat
not. le wa• gh·en an appot»tmea\ for vhicb. he va• eainea.Uy qualified. —
1DdHd, he waa qualified for nen more eminent J”l24io1al post Uoa – 011 the
UAile4 8.ta\e1 Cour, ot Olaia1. l felt ,a, 11c,,v1th1tan4!n« bia o,a.,atamtnc
writ •• ellal:raa ,here v•l’e o-Uier GOAdderatioa• wh1oh atcht prop•rly •-
ll Ya te ,he l’ne14aat la v1 •hl.n« a an obalaan.. !he PN■ldut •lch’ frea
the a,, of ao’1••• ? on reat0saall• cro\Ullll1 feel J,n’1f1e4 ia eu.ol:l a
olaqe ..
• • • •
‘?he foUowinc 1• • reference to •- of the loq-ooatin.tl Oo»cNHtoaal
hearinc•. 1.a vb1cb Ma4den u.d I bore the principal bur4•n •• epoJr:euea
oa behalf ot ihe Joar41 lartu• nfore tlM OomlU•• oa 14uoatlon u4
Labor. Ualt.a ……… , •• ?6th Ooq. • lt\ ….. • 111. … 20-od.4 pan• O?’
•-s,&l’&le 1″0l111M1. I llltak., tint •• , … , la 111 Part I ill Arprll lt39a
aptn ta h.rl• 11, 11 &114 23, in reply or n\11.Hal afler o\h•r wt. 1nti••••
hl4 ,eatlt1e4. INniMt before \!Mt Oo•lHH •• Lallor, Bout• of ..,,,natatl••••
oa pnrpoee4 &Mml•ii’ \o ‘1le •uonal. Labor 1-latloD.• Act, la 8
par\, or YOlu.•• pria\e4 • 1939. 1 b•l1••• Na4dea • • ud -, tlrd •’•’•·
….. ,. are ta Yolue 2. f’ber• wat al10 a rather brlet beulnc ‘before the
hnat• laU.olal’J” Qollld.U•• on lbe qaeaUon vhet.ber ih• Ooaalltee uo\114
ak• a 1peolal lnnaUplloa. whloh U deo14″4 ut ,o do •
•
•
•
– 115 –
l”-. the haariqa before the special Sal th Collllll \tee I ud.er,ook ·\O,. d.e-,
?d:(\)18 Joafd and 1 ta pe1’aoaael. !he OolUll “” oondated of Concr••••n .
Boward.· 8111 tlt of ft.1’11111• •• Ohatr-.n, Ooa«N•••a Oharle• Bal.leek ot JIMllua.
Co?•••-.a lout?• of Ohio. OoncreaeRJ1 Ab• Jh,.rdooJc of Utah, afl4 aoDCJ’e••ma.a
Ar\1:11.r Beal.e7 ot Ma1u.c.tmaeit1. !be ma.Jo1″1t7 filed a npon ortUcali
ot tb.e BoaJC\ and recOIIMflde4 ce:rtain aund••’•• !he ldn.ort. ty cou■t.atlnc
of Mutdoclt alid !ealeJ’ ftle4 a aoat oomprehenti•e report 1a d.efen•• of t?
work of th• Joard. •• a vbole. fhe7 reco … ah4 enlargeaen, of tile Boal’ll ‘<t
ft”f’& member•, am. ,rraat of the Fight te aplo,-.ra to peUtloa fol’ .i.eo’1oa•.
OoacnHMa Bow.1’4 Sattll ta a’1ll in Ceapeee ta l9M; Oonpe…. .IO’atboa laa
41ed.; and Ooagnaaaa lellfflt le aow IIIIJorl ,,. Leader of the lo’I.H. Ooa«r•••Mll
Seale7 wa.e appota\ecl »htrlc\ lud.p of the Vatted. Stal•• Diahio\ Court
1n Maaaaclmeetta am 4184 while ta tba\ of’fioe. Mr. Mlu’dock became a
S.u.to:r and later a member or the Joai’d. 1 taelf. !be ld.noritr N1port referred
\o 11 teund. ia llou1e Jteporl Bo. 1902, Part 8, ?&\h Cone., 34 Se•••
I do DOt ••• a, •• aosent a retereaoe to tu •Joritp r-,er\ but wt.11 at,
• ..,, to nppl7 ,u.. lone of th• aualmu\a NOOUd4t4 ‘if \hi •Jo:tlty
•• a4opte4 u a ooat•q\l.ence ot W• laftaUpUoa.
hea 1h11 rather ‘brief aocoul of the wol’k ot tu loard. vnl.4 \e * ·
iaoomple\e without ••• 1enenl Nfenace lo the oTer–all etteot of ‘hl•
tnelopaen, in our aat1ollal lile and vl\hout alto aa 11441Uonal r•f•reao•
to ••• of the Joar4 personael.
Anene the penouel Ka4d.en a\ud.a 011,. My •••oola’1oa vUh Id.a \hell.
am. later vhft we vorkeA am l1Ted \ocelbtr 1a lerlia 111 194&-48, •• alve.11
been aoco11pute4 b7 appreolatloa of ht• •• a •n of ,be llcbea,
•
?•
– 116 –
cheraotel’ a1 well at of like ab1llt7. Be also has a nne f&J1ll7 wboa v•
baY• enJ01M aa triad••
l eamtOI “811 ref•r ,o •111′ •••oetat•• at the Jeard.1 but vJ.eh to •uUoa
Al.Ylil lockveU, at fire\ a trial e:qalner, who lteeaae Geaeral Ooun.eel.
lte va• al ao aa1ocia te4 wt. th me 411.rin1 Q’ da71 ae Soll o1 tor Geu:ral and la
Berlin la 1941-41 • vhel’e .be la ••r mcceeded Mud en a• tecal M:rl ter at\er
Ma4dea bad 1uoeeded ••• lockwell 1tUl later becaae a partne1′ ta \he flu
Phltte•” law tla in San Jrancleoo, where he 11 now. Se •’ Mr. Phlecer la
Jerllu. We ooaUarra ‘c see eaoh other oTer the 7ear1. ad w ehall •••’ Id.a
apia 111 Ille•• pa1••• b.tereetlnclT, too, Mr. l’hl. .. •r le aov •• 1..-«&l AdTl•
e.r of •• Slate Depan•a\, a poll Uoa I oo011pte4 tor ab•t titteea
aionthit altar retu.1″D.lnc from C>enaq. M7 eood friend D&T14 .t. Mor••• aaoa,
othtpr pod Uoa1, becaae Geural Oou■el of the Jcart, tb!de1′ Secreta.1’7 of
Labor, a.nd le n.ov l>ireotor General of \he htel”D&Uonal J.a.bo1· Office.
thou• I • .raon was alto a •trona el.nut in tha legal vork of the Board.
Kt ha! beaa w1 th ta• pre-\faaaer .lot boal’d. and ‘became 4••1 ,1u, O.neral Cou••
l t• obai-.• of ,u lLffiew Dlnat.oa. After l wo.t onr to .Ju.tloe ln 1940
lmer•o• wr,17 oaae vi th •• ,here fol’ a few aoaU1■ lns.t lua left to go
wUll \lie Price Adld.ait,ra\loss. Later he Jolned the fan.1,7 of the tale I.av
School, ant it \here nov. l baYe pre’Y’lou1l1 menUolilfa lo’bert .J. Watt,, wbo
n.eo•ecl• ae •• General Oouael. Phil LWY7 did extraorilnar117 fine vorit
oa tbe lecal daft• of which !wt ,nia alrea47 • meiaber whu. I ‘beoue Genenl
Cou•el. h la\er 1•rs he u4 1 hauo at•oclate4 1n l)l’iftle pn.cUcHt ta
Watb1Agloa vhea va let\ the GoTenmeal ln 1947. !he utoola Hon was hea4e4
b7 toner SeDator John A. Dane.he1·1 am tac,lulled :Baf\\1 o. Poole vho• I ha4
•
fird k11awn in the earl7 daJ’• at Interior. ln Iha paaaa«e of Ume s,u1ator
•
•
•
… 117 •
D&naa.r u4 I have become ••••r• of the saa• Oour\, where ,,. •• •l, Pl
worJt,?ptber ap.ia. b••’ •• On••• rq iama41a\• eu•••aor …. year,
lat?I’ •• 1’111•1 Mvl■e’I’ ot th• ha,e Depar\J1811.\ ad af\er Iba\ an lllpOl’taa\
npf!?entaUTe of ta. Val\et Stal•• to \he lla1tecl la\loaa, wat alto oa .,,
lecai •Wt e.\ the Joard. a.at 41d excellent work. An4 ‘°• too, 414 La””aoe
…. 1upp. ltHll’J I. I.n,n.bul. WO la\e1′ Joined ,,,, ,tatt vbea I -· Solicl,01″:
General. Al loaer1, Alu:an4er l&wee, Mal.cola lall lda7, a.n4 Maroel MalletPr.-to
1\, to mention. a tw. l ••’ mention al•o -, enellent HOH’8JT ••••
JlofaO- Wn.u. naoee4e4 b7 N111 Mlld.red 7aDen.al. Ml11 hatbu1t t18$e4
wt.la ae ultl I waat to 0.naaJ’ ta lul.7, 1941. l’or a.r 4notll4 an4 eoap•,
.. , Mlp l aa ••• pateflll.
latlaa 11,, wa■ on \be lecal 1tatt when 1 vut with IM :loaN., ad
l ater be–.. lie hoNtar,. Ia at,er 7ear• be ba1 oo• ‘IUl.hr a clou b7
1.llYOld.ng lhe ftfth All•ad•nl l>efere Oollla1tte•• of Coq:re11 ln ooaneottoa
with \ee\laon, recanlnc pote1bl• Collll\Udetlo aeaoo1atloae, eto. At a lav-
7er at “141 Board. be d.14 cood vol’k and •••• to u \o vaat t h• Ao• to b•
well &4alatet•N4 to a• lo n.ooeecl ia 1111 pvpo••••
»ri4•M• la la’-1′ , …………. S.ad.l•U.011 ,_, th.tin •lea\ … ..
‘bNa a 0o–.m1,, •oeu.• of •• eol’t uonc t!Ml penonei. laolwltnc a tw
laqen. If ao, 1, •• oaref\’1117 bt.44ea. Witt •• tile •n n1orou per­
eona.11,,. aaoac Ibo•• vbo v•r• 1a,H’ aeaUone4. la thlt oou.eott•a. Be••
17J1P&\heU01 a■ waa fl’l.1 ‘• 11n4ere\aa4able, \o \he OIO la 1 t• proaottoa et
the t.a411.1tnal tJpe of orp.du.tioa am. ta l\■ effort• to oqanlte \be uor,aal
1e4.. I aa tu• he MTff eapce4 1n an,- aouoa of a nb••r•tn
ol:arao\11′ ..
– ue –
•—?,: 11.be?n ar e of court• aJl7 0U1era who thovl-d l>e mentioned, not a fn of
•
who?.S:l••• n•lalcl with the ha.rt •• the 7•r• l:laTe pa1eecl, pi»ia& ·ta.
d••?:f • .iJl 4. aeetuJ. p,a,ltllo work. , . .-?. tor 121U1ple ••• Gu,- 1&11181″• who ti.,ip.1- ·
1,’ ? .·’ –
. • , lef?:’lbtt 11talf, later relvnt4 •• Ohalnaaa, aa4 Mr. hnald. ln Anel., who
11••• Oeaeral Couneel.
‘I.he Wecner 40\ and 11• a4•lnlatn.t1on wa• an out,tan41ac 4e•el..opaeat of
aot•r. tiHt. Board laV,el’e •• a whole taithtully and 4111CeU7 perfo’1’1M14
thei:r 41ftlcnlll …. pla,1.nc a lklll”11 …. Wl’tbJ’ part la the ,uoou• ot
,. •• ,.,.. IJ!bl• • ., •• , ••• \he ad.a••· Ob te•l• aboul • , .. vbt lakl’
oa•t a abalov •• the lloal’d. “bJ ••ealac, l eauot •• oerlala. to h&Te HU
YloU.•• of’ o. … t.••• al lea1t for a HM. lo mob va, belnc a. .. -.m•r
\he Ao, b7 opu u4 ooaaUtu.Uonal p,oeet••• lo better the ,ta.tu et Hae
woS’1111lc .a tllat l t 1• ufo1″1\l.Mte tha, &DJ’ ….,.a la l le ahiala,n.Uon
1bo”1d haTe tel, the aed ot Oo.lllllUd a o• Marxita.. l tid.Dk 1 t voul.4 be
41tf1C\1l.t to ai.ucl• o,i\ &n,’ part ot the grea, leatala’1ft pnc¥’811 ot ,-.,
,.1o4 aor• ia llae v1 ,11 tile teotal enqolioalt of U1.e Popee. 1, •••a.a •
•• ao\ only ooaaletu, vl\Ja ‘Ilea ‘b••· la 1″cattlle … of ,he pnao1ples lal4
4ow 1.n. •t1.o•• ,.., , ….. ,,.
!he ebU4:ren. bea,a.a to •••r tobool at »1•••114 lt.oraaent. ftnt Ollarl••
and Au• to&•’•”• laah \» follovtnc Jft.?? the,-J. ,Ut.,,liU,/(.le\, bdL,…. ? at””””‘ 3’00 ?. •l’•h-.
upton. S\t-ff\ w.1 a pl• …, one, ,.. fi••• v• ova., ta lfa•hlac1oe. !be
aelgbkrhoo4 •• al• pleaae.a\ tor u all. 1′ va1 fortus.,elir 11tua,e4,
ao, oia., beeau• tbl •••ol w.1 ooaftl.UeatlJ’ ua.r lHd al N beoau•• of oo■-
puioa• olo•• \1 of like ac• • of \be oh11dna. OD.r 114• ,aN beoa• • tor\
• of pla7grouad.. .lad Acne• 11.ked ‘bel.uc vlthia ea17 “9.lldBC 4letuce of \he
•
– 119 –
Omtl’flh. ‘lher• ver• pl•ant getherinc• no11 uct ,11en of Joe’• an4 Leo••
tutlt••• and. ot ff1Ml4•• old. an4 aev. !he fallillar f amU.7 toa,, •• eo.-.
\t ….. at Ohrt••••• at eu or the o\ber ••• Jolae4 vi \b o\lMtrt a\ loae .
or 1’1-NYel’ ,he7 ld&ht be. Alibl’Ote and. Jd.e fallil1′ were vUh •• at l!leu
and. othel’ ‘1••• Ou Ohr-let•• our o,o4 friend.a the l’.ellT• tn• laata h
were at 3’100, aJl4 Iller or a..th Barker (Alexander) vere vUh •• o\Ml” H••·
Duka aDll Alben etoppe4 on their Bev York trip•, an4 now and thea thee vaa
a nil\ ·ws.,a Janie, larah. OJ’ Aca•• s .• here, ta lou or ta Bev ?on. .lad
of oour■e u.111 Id.a 4ealh ve wo’lll.4 aN “ca••’ falJler, Mr. t.aae, dfl Ml’
sl1ten Marga1″et u4 hrll’Wle, aad her -.rou.ier foa. Dr. o•»o…i.1, ,.-..-…a of Oertftd.e, \”11: oo4 oare ot Iba ohll4na, ant a, UM• of u. 1
•• Tel7′ teat of llr. l.aa•• oae of \b.e fluat character• I ba’N lmova, a
•
tnlr ,ood an. Mr•. J:.aae, Acaea• ••her• bad pnteoea•tcl hi• S.n 1937, a
lo•el.7 per•n, wr,)V’ aellJ)lar ot the tine lnah fuill•• ao …,. of whoa
•
bad ll’Yed ia St. Al•7al111 Pan eh. Al ‘he Uae of her clMth t)le full:, boM
for … \lae -4 beea oa Kalona BoaA.
l aaUoa too· •• olo•• had wtdob 4••.io,.4 .. .,,..;Jae a.a • cluta,
‘••• 7•”•• l:11 \rolMrl.7 ooapaa1oaabtp …. , a pat .t.??l •• • ..